-
作者：McCormick, Tyler H.; Li, Zehang Richard; Calvert, Clara; Crampin, Amelia C.; Kahn, Kathleen; Clark, Samuel J.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Witwatersrand; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; INDEPTH Network
摘要：In regions without complete-coverage civil registration and vitalstatistics systems:there is uncertainty about even the most basic demographic indicators. In such regions, the majority of deaths occur outside hospitals and are not recorded. Worldwide, fewer than one-third of deaths are assigned a cause, with the least information available from the most impoverished nations. In populations like this, verbal autopsy (VA) is a commonly used tool to assess cause of death and estimate cause-specif...
-
作者：Pimentel, Samuel D.; Small, Dylan S.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：The informal folklore of observational studies claims that if an irrelevant observed covariate is left uncontrolled, say unmatched, then it will influence treatment assignment in haphazard ways, thereby diminishing the biases from unmeasured covariates. We prove a result along these lines: it is true, in a certain sense, to a limited degree, under certain conditions. Alas, the conditions are neither inconsequential nor easy to check in empirical work; indeed, they are often dubious, more often...
-
作者：Steele, Fiona; Washbrook, Elizabeth; Charlton, Christopher; Browne, William J.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Bristol
摘要：We develop a random effects discrete choice model for the analysis of households' choice of neighborhood over time. The model is parameterized in a way that exploits longitudinal data to separate the influence of neighborhood characteristics on the decision to move out of the current area (push effects) and on the choice of one destination over another (pull effects). Random effects are included to allow for unobserved heterogeneity between households in their propensity to move, and in the im...
-
作者：Chang, Won; Haran, Murali; Applegate, Patrick; Pollard, David
作者单位：University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Rapid retreat of ice in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica may cause drastic sea level rise, posing significant risks to populations in low-lying coastal regions. Calibration of computer models representing the behavior of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is key for informative projections of future sea level rise. However, both the relevant observations and the model output are high-dimensional binary spatial data; existing computer model calibration methods are unable to handle such data...
-
作者：Mandozzi, Jacopo; Buhlmann, Peter
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We propose a method for testing whether hierarchically ordered groups of potentially correlated variables are significant for explaining a response in a high-dimensional linear model. In presence of highly correlated variables, as is very common in high-dimensional data, it seems indispensable to go beyond an approach of inferring individual regression coefficients, and we show that detecting smallest groups of variables (MTDs: minimal true detections) is realistic. Thanks to the hierarchy amo...
-
作者：Chen, Ziqi; Leng, Chenlei
作者单位：Central South University; University of Warwick
摘要：An important problem in contemporary statistics is to understand the relationship among a large number of variables based on a dataset, usually with p, the number of the variables, much larger than n, the sample size. Recent efforts have focused on modeling static covariance matrices where pairwise covariances are considered invariant. In many real systems, however, these pairwise relations often change. To characterize the changing correlations in a high-dimensional system, we study a class o...
-
作者：Diggle, Peter J.; Giorgi, Emanuele
作者单位：Lancaster University
摘要：In low-resource settings, prevalence mapping relies on empirical prevalence data from a finite, often spatially sparse, set of surveys of communities within the region of interest, possibly supplemented by remotely sensed images that can act as proxies for environmental risk factors. A standard geostatistical model for data of this kind is a generalized linear mixed model with binomial error distribution, logistic link, and a combination of explanatory variables and a Gaussian spatial stochast...
-
作者：Sinha, Samiran; Ma, Yanyuan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：We propose a consistent method for estimating both the finite- and infinite-dimensional parameters of the proportional odds model when a covariate is subject to measurement error and time-to-events are subject to right censoring. The proposed method does not rely on the distributional assumption of the true covariate, which is not observed in the data. In addition, the proposed estimator does not require the measurement error to be:normally distributed or to have any other specific distributio...
-
作者：Jiang, Yuan; He, Yunxiao; Zhang, Heping
作者单位：Oregon State University; Nielsen Holdings Inc.; Yale University; Yale University
摘要：LASSO is a popular statistical tool often used in conjunction with generalized linear models that can simultaneously select variables and estimate parameters. When there are many variables of interest, as in current biological and biomedical studies, the power of LASSO can be limited. Fortunately, so much biological and biomedical data have been collected and they may contain useful information about the importance of certain variables. This article proposes an extension of LASSO, namely, prio...
-
作者：Held, Leonhard; Muff, Stefanie
作者单位：University of Zurich; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+)
