-
作者：Horton, Nicholas J.
作者单位：Amherst College
-
作者：Jula Vanegas, Laura; Behr, Merle; Munk, Axel
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Max Planck Society
摘要：We introduce a new methodology for analyzing serial data by quantile regression assuming that the underlying quantile function consists of constant segments. The procedure does not rely on any distributional assumption besides serial independence. It is based on a multiscale statistic, which allows to control the (finite sample) probability for selecting the correct number of segments S at a given error level, which serves as a tuning parameter. For a proper choice of this parameter, this prob...
-
作者：Guo, Xu; Li, Runze; Liu, Jingyuan; Zeng, Mudong
作者单位：Beijing Normal University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Xiamen University; Xiamen University
摘要：Childhood trauma tends to influence cortisol stress reactivity through the mediating effects of DNA methylation. Houtepen et al. conducted a study to investigate the role of DNA methylation in cortisol stress reactivity and its relationship with childhood trauma. The study collected a dataset consisting of 385,882 DNA methylation loci, cortisol stress reactivity, one-dimensional score on a childhood trauma questionnaire and several covariates for 85 healthy individuals. Of great scientific int...
-
作者：Wikle, Nathan B.; Hanks, Ephraim M.; Henneman, Lucas R. F.; Zigler, Corwin M.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; George Mason University
摘要：Understanding how individual pollution sources contribute to ambient sulfate pollution is critical for assessing past and future air quality regulations. Since attribution to specific sources is typically not encoded in spatial air pollution data, we develop a mechanistic model which we use to estimate, with uncertainty, the contribution of ambient sulfate concentrations attributable specifically to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from individual coal-fired power plants in the central United St...
-
作者：Olivella, Santiago; Pratt, Tyler; Imai, Kosuke
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Yale University; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：The decision to engage in military conflict is shaped by many factors, including state- and dyad-level characteristics as well as the state's membership in geopolitical coalitions. Supporters of the democratic peace theory, for example, hypothesize that the community of democratic states is less likely to wage war with each other. Such theories explain the ways in which nodal and dyadic characteristics affect the evolution of conflict patterns over time via their effects on group memberships. ...
-
作者：Riva-Palacio, Alan; Leisen, Fabrizio; Griffin, Jim
作者单位：Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; University of Nottingham; University of London; University College London
摘要：We present a novel Bayesian nonparametric model for regression in survival analysis. Our model builds on the classical neutral to the right model of Doksum and on the Cox proportional hazards model of Kim and Lee. The use of a vector of dependent Bayesian nonparametric priors allows us to efficiently model the hazard as a function of covariates while allowing nonproportionality. The model can be seen as having competing latent risks. We characterize the posterior of the underlying dependent ve...
-
作者：Malinsky, Daniel; Shpitser, Ilya; Tchetgen, Eric J. Tchetgen
作者单位：Columbia University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We study the identification and estimation of statistical functionals of multivariate data missing nonmonotonically and not-at-random, taking a semiparametric approach. Specifically, we assume that the missingness mechanism satisfies what has been previously called no self-censoring or itemwise conditionally independent nonresponse, which roughly corresponds to the assumption that no partially observed variable directly determines its own missingness status. We show that this assumption, combi...
-
作者：Ma, Tianwen; Li, Yang; Huggins, Jane E.; Zhu, Ji; Kang, Jian
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that translates brain activity into commands to operate technology. A common design for an electroencephalogram (EEG) BCI relies on the classification of the P300 event-related potential (ERP), which is a response elicited by the rare occurrence of target stimuli among common nontarget stimuli. Few existing ERP classifiers directly explore the underlying mechanism of the neural activity. To this end, we perform a novel Bayesian analysis of the proba...
-
作者：Westling, Ted
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：In many scientific studies, it is of interest to determine whether an exposure has a causal effect on an outcome. In observational studies, this is a challenging task due to the presence of confounding variables that affect both the exposure and the outcome. Many methods have been developed to test for the presence of a causal effect when all such confounding variables are observed and when the exposure of interest is discrete. In this article, we propose a class of nonparametric tests of the ...
-
作者：Hasegawa, Raiden B.; Small, Dylan S.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Accurate estimates of malaria vaccine efficacy require a reliable definition of a malaria case. However, the symptoms of clinical malaria are unspecific, overlapping with other childhood illnesses. Additionally, children in endemic areas tolerate varying levels of parasitemia without symptoms. Together, this makes finding a gold-standard case definition challenging. We present a method to identify and estimate malaria vaccine efficacy that does not require an observable gold-standard case defi...
