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作者：Hughes, John; Haran, Murali
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Non-Gaussian spatial data are very common in many disciplines. For instance, count data are common in disease mapping, and binary data are common in ecology. When fitting spatial regressions for such data, one needs to account for dependence to ensure reliable inference for the regression coefficients. The spatial generalized linear mixed model offers a very popular and flexible approach to modelling such data, but this model suffers from two major shortcomings: variance inflation due to spati...
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作者：Wei, Jiawei; Carroll, Raymond J.; Mueller, Ursula U.; Van Keilegom, Ingrid; Chatterjee, Nilanjan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Universite Catholique Louvain; Tilburg University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
摘要：Primary analysis of case-control studies focuses on the relationship between disease D and a set of covariates of interest (Y, X). A secondary application of the case-control study, which is often invoked in modern genetic epidemiologic association studies, is to investigate the interrelationship between the covariates themselves. The task is complicated owing to the case-control sampling, where the regression of Y on X is different from what it is in the population. Previous work has assumed ...
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作者：Yao, Weixin; Li, Runze
作者单位：Kansas State University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：The paper develops a new estimation of non-parametric regression functions for clustered or longitudinal data. We propose to use Cholesky decomposition and profile least squares techniques to estimate the correlation structure and regression function simultaneously. We further prove that the estimator proposed is as asymptotically efficient as if the covariance matrix were known. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the procedure proposed, and...
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作者：Shao, Xiaofeng; Politis, Dimitris N.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Subsampling and block-based bootstrap methods have been used in a wide range of inference problems for time series. To accommodate the dependence, these resampling methods involve a bandwidth parameter, such as the subsampling window width and block size in the block-based bootstrap. In empirical work, using different bandwidth parameters could lead to different inference results, but traditional first-order asymptotic theory does not capture the choice of the bandwidth. We propose to adopt th...
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作者：Shah, Rajen D.; Samworth, Richard J.
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：Stability selection was recently introduced by Meinshausen and Buhlmann as a very general technique designed to improve the performance of a variable selection algorithm. It is based on aggregating the results of applying a selection procedure to subsamples of the data. We introduce a variant, called complementary pairs stability selection, and derive bounds both on the expected number of variables included by complementary pairs stability selection that have low selection probability under th...
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作者：Chen, Song Xi; Qin, Jing; Tang, Cheng Yong
作者单位：Peking University; Iowa State University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National University of Singapore; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver
摘要：The conventional Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney test can be invalid for comparing treatment effects in the presence of missing values or in observational studies. This is because the missingness of the outcomes or the participation in the treatments may depend on certain pretreatment variables. We propose an approach to adjust the Mann-Whitney test by correcting the potential bias via consistently estimating the conditional distributions of the outcomes given the pretreatment variables. We also prop...
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作者：Hampson, Lisa V.; Jennison, Christopher
作者单位：Lancaster University; University of Bath
摘要：Group sequential methods are used routinely to monitor clinical trials and to provide early stopping when there is evidence of a treatment effect, a lack of an effect or concerns about patient safety. In many studies, the response of clinical interest is measured some time after the start of treatment and there are subjects at each interim analysis who have been treated but are yet to respond. We formulate a new form of group sequential test which gives a proper treatment of these 'pipeline' s...
