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作者：Chao, Fengqing; Gerland, Patrick; Cook, Alex R.; Alkema, Leontine
作者单位：King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：The sex ratio at birth (SRB) is defined as the ratio of male to female live births. The SRB imbalance in parts of the world over the past several decades is a direct consequence of sex-selective abortion, driven by the coexistence of son preference, readily available technology of prenatal sex determination and fertility decline. Estimation and projection of the degree of SRB imbalance is complicated because of variability in SRB reference levels and because of the uncertainty associated with ...
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作者：Huang, Theodore; Idos, Gregory; Hong, Christine; Gruber, Stephen B.; Parmigiani, Giovanni; Braun, Danielle
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; City of Hope
摘要：Improving existing widely-adopted prediction models is often a more efficient and robust way toward progress than training new models from scratch. Existing models may: (a) incorporate complex mechanistic knowledge, (b) leverage proprietary information, and (c) have surmounted barriers to adoption. Compared to model training, model improvement and modification receive little attention. In this paper we propose a general approach to model improvement: we combine gradient boosting with any previ...
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作者：Ma, Chuoxin; Dai, Hongsheng; Pan, Jianxin
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Essex
摘要：In cardiovascular studies we often observe ordered multiple events along disease progression which are, essentially, a series of recurrent events and terminal events with competing risk structure. One of the main interests is to explore the event specific association with the dynamics of longitudinal biomarkers. A new statistical challenge arises when the biomarkers carry information from the past event history, providing feedbacks for the occurrences of future events and, particularly, when t...
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作者：Shang, Zhuoran; Erosheva, Elena A.; Xu, Gongjun
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are a family of discrete latent attribute models that serve as statistical basis in educational and psychological cognitive diagnosis assessments. CDMs aim to achieve fine-grained inference on individuals' latent attributes, based on their observed responses to a set of designed diagnostic items. In the literature CDMs usually assume that items require mastery of specific latent attributes and that each attribute is either fully mastered or not mastered by a g...
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作者：Zemplenyi, Michele; Meyer, Mark J.; Cardenas, Andres; Hivert, Marie-France; Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L.; Gibson, Heike; Kloog, Itai; Schwartz, Joel; Oken, Emily; DeMeo, Dawn L.; Gold, Diane R.; Coull, Brent A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital
摘要：The ability to identify time periods when individuals are most susceptible to exposures as well as the biological mechanisms through which these exposures act is of great public health interest. Growing evidence supports an association between prenatal exposure to air pollution and epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, but the timing and gene-specific effects of these epigenetic changes are not well understood. Here, we present the first study that aims to identify prenatal windows of sus...
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作者：Moran, Kelly R.; Dunson, David; Wheeler, Matthew W.; Herring, Amy H.
作者单位：Duke University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
摘要：Today there are approximately 85,000 chemicals regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act, with around 2,000 new chemicals introduced each year. It is impossible to screen all of these chemicals for potential toxic effects, either via full organism in vivo studies or in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) programs. Toxicologists face the challenge of choosing which chemicals to screen, and predicting the toxicity of as yet unscreened chemicals. Our goal is to describe how variation in ...
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作者：Roy, Arkaprava; Lavine, Isaac; Herring, Amy H.; Dunson, David B.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Duke University
摘要：In this article we investigate group differences in phthalate exposure profiles using NHANES data. Phthalates are a family of industrial chemicals used in plastics and as solvents. There is increasing evidence of adverse health effects of exposure to phthalates on reproduction and neurodevelopment and concern about racial disparities in exposure. We would like to identify a single set of low-dimensional factors summarizing exposure to different chemicals, while allowing differences across grou...
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作者：Qin, Jing; Deng, Geng; Ning, Jing; Yuan, Ao; Shen, Yu
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Wells Fargo Company; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; Georgetown University
摘要：For certain subtypes of breast cancer, study findings show that their level of estrogen receptor expression is associated with their risk of cancer death and also suggest a nonlinear effect on the hazard of death. A flexible form of the proportional hazards model, lambda(t vertical bar x, z) = lambda(t) exp(z(T) beta)q(x), is desirable to facilitate a rich class of covariate effect on a survival outcome to provide meaningful insight, where the functional form of q(x) is not specified except fo...
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作者：Jha, Jayant; Bhuyan, Prajamitra
作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Imperial College London
摘要：This paper considers the modeling of zero-inflated circular measurements concerning real case studies from medical sciences. Circular-circular regression models have been discussed in the statistical literature and illustrated with various real-life applications. However, there are no models to deal with zero-inflated response as well as a covariate simultaneously. The Mobius transformation based two-stage circular-circular regression model is proposed, and the Bayesian estimation of the model...
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作者：Kafadar, Karen
