作者：McComas, Katherine; Besley, John C.; Black, Laura W.
作者单位：Cornell University; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; University System of Ohio; Ohio University
摘要：Public meetings are often referred to as rituals to denote a largely symbolic activity with little concrete meaning. This essay explores how public meeting rituals may produce very real impacts on participants and pragmatic outcomes. Whereas tangible outputs of rituals are not always evident, ritual theory suggests that participants can derive latent meaning and significant comfort from their application. Although rituals serve to reify certain norms or control behaviors, they may also reaffir...
作者：Kraeger, Patsy
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
