作者：Bendor, Jonathan
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Charles Lindblom's 1959 essay The Science of Muddling Through' is best known for the strategy of decision makingdisjointed incrementalismthat it recommended. That famous paper and Lindblom's related work also provided two theories: a critique of the conventional method (the synoptic approach) and an argument for using incrementalism instead. Both are applied theories: they are designed to help solve complex policy problems. Lindblom's negative applied theory has stood the test of time well: th...
作者：Kasymova, Jyldyz
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Buffalo State University
作者：Durant, Robert F.
作者单位：American University
摘要：Norton Long's 1949 essay, Power and Administration, has a complicated legacy. First, analysis reveals both support for and important refinements of Long's arguments since the article's publication. Second, Long's claim has proven problematic that competition among agencies for power would bring more coordination and a cross-agency sense of purpose to the federal government. Third, the bureaucratic pluralism that he explained and defended produced special interest biases that were off-putting t...
