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作者：Pierre, J; Park, SC
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Modern institutional theory specifies two different aspects of institutions. The first aspect-and by far the predominant perspective-sees institutions as recurrent patterns of behavior, values, norms and practices which guide social and political behavior. The second aspect refers to the manifest institutional systems of the state. These two sides of institutions are supposed to be mutually reinforcing. Thus, institutions are ''embedded'' in overarching systems of values at the same time as th...
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作者：Studlar, DT; Moncrief, GF
作者单位：Boise State University
摘要：Although there have been several studies of women in legislatures in Canada, a cabinet position is a much stronger position from which to wield power in an executive-centered and party-disciplined parliamentary system. In the past decade, the increase of women's share of legislative seats, for majority parties as well as others, has led to move women being appointed to cabinet portfolios. This article utilizes data from the ten Canadian provinces over an 18-year period, from 1976 to 1994, to a...
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作者：Cortell, AP
摘要：This article explores how the relative centralization of decisionmaking authority can affect a societal group's ability to achieve its interests. It examines the LIS semiconductor industry's efforts to persuade the Reagan administration to press Japan on its import barriers and its firms' trade practices. I find that the industry's eventual success was facilitated by an institutional change that centralized the structure of decisionmaking authority. Centralization proved more favourable to the...
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作者：Genschel, P
摘要：Important strands of the new institutionalism assume that the efficiency of institutions declines over time. Institutions, according to this view, are move stable than their environment, which supposedly results in an ever increasing misfit. This misfit, it is hypothesized, can only be corrected by the creative destruction of the institutions. The article takes issue with this view. Using case studies from the international telecommunications regime and the German health care system, it argues...
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作者：Barzelay, M
摘要：The New Public Management supplies a rationale for broadening the mandate of external audit institutions to encompass performance auditing. This article examines conceptual, empirical, and managerial issues raised by external performance auditing. Conceptually, performance auditing is a misnomer for a class of mainly evaluative review activities. Empirically, OECD countries vary in terms of the specific types of performance audits conducted by their principal external audit bodies. Explaining ...
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作者：Bennett, CJ
摘要：This article examines different explanations for the cross-national diffusion of three recent innovations in bureaucratic accountability-the institution of the ombudsman, freedom of information legislation and data protection (information privacy) law. The first two explanations a-re based on the assumption that these innovations are by-products of modernization, either the growth of the state or democratization. The third assumes that policy is shaped through processes of international commun...
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作者：Smyrl, ME
作者单位：College of the Holy Cross
摘要：A central goal of the 1980s reforms gf the European Community's regional development policy was to contribute to an increase in the discretionary authority of sub-national decision-makers in the Community's member states. This article assesses the degree to which this goal was attained through comparative studies of selected French and Italian regions. It concludes that only in those regions in which timely policy entrepreneurship on the part of regional-level elected leaders coincided with th...
