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作者：Roberts, Alasdair
作者单位：Suffolk University; Suffolk University
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作者：Gingrich, Jane
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Many scholars have argued that social programs are marked by a logic of increasing returns that makes change difficult. Yet over the past decades, reformers across industrialized countries have introduced substantial administrative reforms in these services, even as entitlement reform remains politically difficult. This paper explains these shifts by breaking apart the logic of increasing returns into three distinct costs to change: technical, political, and expectations. Decreases in a partic...
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作者：Chen, Kai
作者单位：Zhejiang University
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作者：Mietzner, Marcus
作者单位：Australian National University
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作者：Yiath, Sean
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
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作者：Binderkrantz, Anne Skorkjaer; Christiansen, Peter Munk; Pedersen, Helene Helboe
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：A key issue for interest groups and policymakers is the ways through which organized interests voice their interests and influence public policy. This article combines two perspectives on interest group representation to explain patterns of interest group access to different political arenas. From a resource exchange perspective, it argues that access to different political arenas is discrete as it is determined by the match between the supply and demands of interest groups and gatekeeperspoli...
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作者：Engvall, Johan
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：What type of state has emerged in post-Soviet Eurasia, and what kind of theoretical framework can help us understand its behavior and performance? This article argues that we can usefully understand the logic of political and administrative organization in terms of a kind of investment market. Access to the state is frequently determined by actual financial payment. Would-be officials invest in offices to obtain access to a stream of income associated with an office. This framework represents ...
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作者：Carbone, Giovanni; Memoli, Vincenzo
作者单位：University of Milan; University of Catania
摘要：The established view in political science is that a sound and functioning state has to be in place before democracy can be introduced. State first, and then democracy. While acknowledging the existence of a basic state infrastructure as a necessary starting point, we examine the possibility that democratization itself may play an important role in the subsequent development and consolidation of the state. We do this by addressing the major conceptual and methodological shortcomings of existing...
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作者：Camba, Alvin Almendrala
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
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作者：Hasan, Nafis
作者单位：Azim Premji Foundation; Azim Premji University Bengaluru
