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作者：Folta, Timothy B.; Delmar, Frederic; Wennberg, Karl
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; emlyon business school; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Imperial College London; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：In contrast to previous efforts to model an individual's movement from wage work into entrepreneurship, we consider that individuals might transition incrementally by retaining their wage job while entering into self-employment. We show that these hybrid entrepreneurs represent a significant share of all entrepreneurial activity. Theoretical arguments are proposed to suggest why hybrid entrants are distinct from self-employment entrants, and why hybrid entry may facilitate subsequent entry int...
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作者：Lee, Deishin; Van den Steen, Eric
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We study how firms can use a knowledge management system to optimally leverage employee-generated know-how. In particular, we consider the following practical strategic questions for the manager of a knowledge-intensive firm: Should her firm develop a formal knowledge system? And if so, how should it be managed, particularly in terms of what information to record? We find that firms benefit more from a knowledge system when they are larger, face the same issues more frequently, have higher tur...
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作者：Maier, Sebastian; Zachariassen, Petur; Zachariasen, Martin
作者单位：University of Augsburg; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Biproportional apportionment methods provide two-way proportionality in electoral systems where the electoral region is subdivided into electoral districts. The problem is to assign integral values to the elements of a matrix that are proportional to a given input matrix, and such that a set of row-and column-sum requirements are fulfilled. In a divisor-based method for biproportional apportionment, the problem is solved by computing appropriate row and column divisors, and by rounding the quo...
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作者：Bakshi, Nitin; Gans, Noah
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：To mitigate the threat that terrorists smuggle weapons of mass destruction into the United States through maritime containers, the U. S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) inspects containers upon entry to domestic ports. Inspection-driven congestion is costly, and CBP provides incentives to firms to improve security upstream in the supply chain, thereby reducing the inspection burden at U. S. ports. We perform an economic analysis of this incentive program, called Customs-Trade Par...
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作者：Baucells, Manel; Sarin, Rakesh K.
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We introduce a modi. cation of the discounted utility model that accounts for both satiation and habit formation in intertemporal choice. Preferences depend on the satiation level and the habitual consumption level. These two state variables, together with the shape of the value function, drive the properties of the model. One unique feature of our model is that it addresses the trade-off between seeking variety and maintaining acquired habits. We examine several properties of our model, such ...
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作者：Makadok, Richard
作者单位：Emory University
摘要：Rivalry-restraint-based theoretical mechanisms predict that an industry's profits will increase when its firms engage in less price competition, or less direct competition, with each other. Competitive-advantage-based theoretical mechanisms predict that a firm's profits will increase when it creates superior economic value that direct and indirect competitors cannot fully compete away. But what is the interaction effect on profit of simultaneously restraining rivalry and increasing competitive...
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作者：Lee, Seokho; Genton, Marc G.; Arellano-Valle, Reinaldo B.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We propose a new data perturbation method for numerical database security problems based on skew-t distributions. Unlike the normal distribution, the more general class of skew-t distributions is a flexible parametric multivariate family that can model skewness and heavy tails in the data. Because databases having a normal distribution are seldom encountered in practice, the newly proposed approach, coined the skew-t data perturbation (STDP) method, is of great interest for database managers. ...
