-
作者：Singh, Jasjit; Fleming, Lee
作者单位：INSEAD Business School; Harvard University
摘要：Are lone inventors more or less likely to invent breakthroughs? Recent research has attempted to resolve this question by considering the variance of creative outcome distributions. It has implicitly assumed a symmetric thickening or thinning of both tails, i.e., that a greater probability of breakthroughs comes at the cost of a greater probability of failures. In contrast, we propose that collaboration can have opposite effects at the two extremes: it reduces the probability of very poor outc...
-
作者：Cachon, Gerard P.; Olivares, Marcelo
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Columbia University
摘要：Automobile manufacturers in the U.S. supply chain exhibit significant differences in their days of supply of finished vehicles (average inventory divided by average daily sales rate). For example, from 1995 to 2004, Toyota consistently carried approximately 30 fewer days of supply than General Motors. This suggests that Toyota's well-documented advantage in manufacturing efficiency, product design, and upstream supply chain management extends to their finished-goods inventory in their downstre...
-
作者：Fuster, Andreas; Meier, Stephan
作者单位：Harvard University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston; Columbia University
摘要：Monetary incentives, such as subsidies or bonuses, are often considered as a way to foster contributions to public goods in society and firms. This paper investigates experimentally the effect of private contribution incentives in the presence of a norm enforcement mechanism. Norm enforcement through peer punishment has been shown to be effective in raising contributions by itself. We test whether and how (centrally provided) private incentives interact with (decentralized) punishment, both of...
-
作者：Ma, Tieju
作者单位：East China University of Science & Technology
摘要：To date, optimization models of endogenous technological change commonly deal with uncertainty in technological learning with risk-factor methods, i.e., by adding expected risk costs resulting from overestimating technological learning rates into an objective function with a subjective risk factor. This paper argues that another way of coping with the uncertainty, risk-constrained methods that have been ignored in existing literatures, could be more practicable (at least as a supplement) for d...
-
作者：Schultz, Kenneth L.; Schoenherr, Tobias; Nembhard, David
作者单位：University of Alberta; Michigan State University; Michigan State University's Broad College of Business; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Models and understanding of line design depend on accurate assessments of the effects of design parameters on human actions. Although equity theory predicts that workers will react to the speed of people around them, experimental work has failed to find this effect in an industrial setting with parallel workstations or a change in coworkers. With the current research we contribute to the understanding of line design by using archival data from a manufacturing line. We show that workers do reac...
-
作者：Anderson, Shannon W.; Dekker, Henri C.; Sedatole, Karen L.
作者单位：Rice University; University of Melbourne; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Michigan State University; Michigan State University's Broad College of Business
摘要：Prior research documents performance improvements following the implementation of pay-for-performance (PFP) bonus plans. However, bonus plans typically pay for performance relative to a goal, and the manager whose performance is to be evaluated often participates in setting the goal. In these settings, PFP affects managers' incentive to influence goal levels in addition to affecting performance effort. Prior field research is silent on the effect of PFP on goals, the focus of this paper. Using...
-
作者：Franke, Nikolaus; Schreier, Martin; Kaiser, Ulrike
作者单位：Vienna University of Economics & Business; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：Many companies offer websites that enable customers to design their own individual products, which the manufacturer can then produce to order. To date, the economic value of products self-designed using mass customization (MC) toolkits has been attributed to the two factors of preference fit achieved (which should be as high as possible) and design effort (which should be as low as possible). On the basis of literature on behavioral decision making, we suggest a third factor, namely the awaren...
-
作者：Bleichrodt, Han; Cillo, Alessandra; Diecidue, Enrico
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Navarra; IESE Business School; INSEAD Business School
摘要：This paper introduces a method to measure regret theory, a popular theory of decision under uncertainty. Regret theory allows for violations of transitivity, and it may seem paradoxical to quantitatively measure an intransitive theory. We adopt the trade-off method and show that it is robust to violations of transitivity. Our method makes no assumptions about the shape of the functions reflecting utility and regret. It can be performed at the individual level, taking account of preference hete...
-
作者：Bala, Ram; Bhardwaj, Pradeep
作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB); University of British Columbia
摘要：The pharmaceutical industry has always used sales representatives to target physicians (detailing), who are a key link in sales and market share for prescription pharmaceuticals. Since August of 1997, when the Food and Drug Administration eased the restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA), there has been a dramatic increase in the use of DTCA by pharmaceutical firms to target end customers (patients). DTCA seems to have two different effects on pharmaceutical markets. The first is...
