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作者：Pang, Min-Seok; Tafti, Ali; Krishnan, M. S.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Given the recent concern on big governments and rising budget deficits in the United States and European nations, there has been a fundamental economic debate on the proper boundary and role of governments in a society. Inspired by this debate, we study the relationship between information technology (IT) and government size. Drawing on a broad range of the literature from multiple disciplines such as information systems, industrial organization, and political sciences, we present several theo...
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作者：Adjerid, Idris; Acquisti, Alessandro; Telang, Rahul; Padman, Rema; Adler-Milstein, Julia
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Health information exchanges (HIEs) are healthcare information technology efforts designed to foster coordination of patient care across the fragmented U.S. healthcare system. Their purpose is to improve efficiency and quality of care through enhanced sharing of patient data. Across the United States, numerous states have enacted laws that provide various forms of incentives for HIEs and address growing privacy concerns associated with the sharing of patient data. We investigate the impact on ...
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作者：Allain, Marie-Laure; Henry, Emeric; Kyle, Margaret
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universite PSL; MINES ParisTech; Universite PSL
摘要：The sale of ideas through licensing facilitates the division of labor between the separate activities of research and development. This vertical specialization can improve the overall efficiency of the innovative process. However, these gains depend on the timing of the sale: the buyer of an innovative project should assume development at the stage at which he has an efficiency advantage. Using data from the pharmaceutical industry, we show that competition between potential buyers is related ...
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作者：Rubin, Jared; Sheremeta, Roman
作者单位：Chapman University System; Chapman University; Chapman University System; Chapman University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：Using a gift-exchange experiment, we show that the ability of reciprocity to overcome incentive problems inherent in principal-agent settings is greatly reduced when the agent's effort is distorted by random shocks and transmitted imperfectly to the principal. Specifically, we find that gift exchange contracts without shocks encourage effort and wages well above standard predictions. However, the introduction of random shocks reduces wages and effort, regardless of whether the shocks can be ob...
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作者：Tucker, Anita L.
作者单位：Brandeis University
摘要：Operational failures persist, in part because employees work around them without engaging in actions to prevent recurrence. To break this cycle, we investigate the impact of work design factors on responses to operational failures. We use hospital nurses as subjects in a laboratory experiment, where, unknown to them, two medication administration supplies are missing. We observe their real-time responses to the two failures and whether they contribute an improvement idea. We randomly assign ha...
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作者：Kuppuswamy, Venkat; Villalonga, Belen
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; New York University
摘要：We show that the value of corporate diversification increased during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. Diversification gave firms both financing and investment advantages. First, conglomerates became significantly more leveraged relative to comparable focused firms. Second, conglomerates' access to internal capital markets became more valuable, not just because external capital markets became more costly but also because the efficiency of internal capital allocation increased significantly durin...
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作者：Dukes, Anthony; Liu, Lin
作者单位：University of Southern California; State University System of Florida; University of Central Florida
摘要：An online shopping intermediary is an Internet platform on which consumers and third-party sellers transact. Shopping intermediaries provide a search environment (e.g., search aids) to lower the search costs incurred by consumers when finding and evaluating sellers' products. We study strategic incentives of an intermediary in the design of its search environment as a means to ease search costs. An important aspect of our analysis is that consumers optimally decide how many sellers to evaluate...
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作者：Lodi, Andrea; Malaguti, Enrico; Stier-Moses, Nicolas E.; Bonino, Tommaso
作者单位：University of Bologna; Columbia University; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
摘要：Until the end of the 20th century it was common that cities organized, financed, and managed their own public transportation systems. More recently (in Italy mainly during the last decade), many countries liberalized the service provision of public transportation. Although offering local public transportation is a political and financial duty of governments, the service provision is outsourced to a private operator, while the government retains a control position, given to a regulatory agency....
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作者：Grinblatt, Mark; Ikaheimo, Seppo; Keloharju, Matti; Knupfer, Samuli
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Aalto University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; BI Norwegian Business School
摘要：We show that cognitive ability influences mutual fund choice: high-IQ investors avoid funds with high management fees. Two competing stories can explain this phenomenon. One is that high-IQ consumers benefit less from costly services, as they find it easier to make informed financial decisions without external help. The alternative story is that these investors are less likely to overpay for the services they receive because they are either better judges of value or more capable of discerning ...
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作者：Kaustia, Markku; Knupfer, Samuli; Torstila, Sami
作者单位：Aalto University; BI Norwegian Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：A setting in which customer-owned mutual companies converted to publicly listed firms created a plausibly exogenous increase in stock ownership. We use this shock to identify the effect of ownership of publicly listed shares on political behavior. Using instrumental variable regressions, difference-in-differences analyses, and matching methods, we find the shock changed the way people vote in the affected areas, with the demutualizations being followed by a 1.7-2.7- percentage-point increase i...
