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作者：HARRIS, CM
摘要：Rapid changes in both hardware and software computer technology pose many challenges to quantitative applications, and especially to operations research. Much of the future success of OR will depend on its ability to meet these challenges by marrying its approaches to computer technology and then using this enhanced capability to reach out to important new problem areas. To support the contention that OR is moving in these directions, as it must, this paper begins by reviewing computing progre...
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作者：HALL, NG; HERSHEY, JC; KESSLER, LG; STOTTS, RC
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston
摘要：This paper describes the development of a model for making project funding decisions at The National Cancer Institute (NCI). The American Stop Smoking Intervention Study (ASSIST) is a multiple-year, multiple-site demonstration project, aimed at reducing smoking prevalence. The initial request for ASSIST proposals was answered by about twice as many states as could be funded. Scientific peer review of the proposals was the primary criterion used for funding decisions. However, a modified Delphi...
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作者：SALO, AA; HAMALAINEN, RP
摘要：The PAIRS method developed in this paper introduces imprecise preference statements into value trees. The assessment of attribute weights in PAIRS extends the well known SMART technique so that in addition to exact statements the decision maker can enter interval judgments which indicate ranges for the relative importance of the attributes. The interval judgments and the possibly range-valued information about the outcomes of the alternatives are processed with linear programming into value in...
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作者：LEGER, C; CLEROUX, R
作者单位：Universite de Montreal
摘要：Bootstrap confidence intervals for the actual cost of using a given nonparametric estimate of the optimal age replacement strategy are shown to have the claimed coverage probability. A numerical algorithm is given to obtain these confidence intervals in practice. The small sample behavior of these confidence intervals is illustrated by simulations. Finally, comparisons are made with the confidence interval obtained from asymptotic normal theory. We show that the bootstrap confidence interval i...
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作者：GHOSH, D; MURTHY, I; MOFFETT, A
摘要：A major design issue facing the designer of a distributed computing system involves the determination of the number of file copies and their locations in the distributed environment. This problem is commonly referred to as the file allocation problem (FAP). This paper considers two FAP models that seek to minimize operating costs (i.e., the total cost of file storage and query/update communication). The first model ensures the attainment of acceptable levels of communication delay during peak ...
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作者：GENDREAU, M; HERTZ, A; LAPORTE, G
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
摘要：This paper describes a new insertion procedure and a new postoptimization routine for the traveling salesman problem. The combination of the two methods results in an efficient algorithm (GENIUS) which outperforms known alternative heuristics in terms of solution quality and computing time.
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作者：BRAMEL, J; COFFMAN, EG; SHOR, PW; SIMCHILEVI, D
作者单位：Columbia University; AT&T; Nokia Corporation; Nokia Bell Labs
摘要：In the capacitated vehicle routing problem with unsplit demands, the demand of a customer may not be divided over more than one vehicle. The objective is to find tours for the vehicles such that the amount delivered by a vehicle does not exceed its capacity, each customer receives its demand, and the total distance traveled is as small as possible. We find the asymptotic optimal solution value of the capacitated vehicle routing problem with unsplit demands for any distribution of the demands w...
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作者：CARAMANIS, M; LIBEROPOULOS, G
摘要：Dynamic allocation of stochastic capacity among competing activities in a just in time manufacturing environment is addressed by optimal flow control. Optimal policies are characterized by generally intractable Bellman equations. A near-optimal controller design technique is proposed. It provides an approximate numerical solution to the Bellman equation, a tight lower bound for the optimality gap of tractable, near-optimal controller designs, and a building block for improved, near-optimal con...
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作者：XU, SH; RIGHTER, R; SHANTHIKUMAR, JG
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The system under consideration comprises two classes of customers to be served by two stations, with parallel servers in each station. While class-1 customers can only receive service from station 1, class-2 customers can be served by either station. Arrival processes of customers form two mutually independent Poisson processes. The service time of a customer at either station is exponentially distributed with a common rate. A class-i customer, while present in the system, will incur a holding...
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作者：HENDRICKS, KB
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Little is known about the interaction among the various manufacturing subsystems in a factory. The output of one manufacturing subsystem is usually the input to one or more downstream subsystems in the plant. Examples include the output of one production line being the input to another manufacturing stage, to a shipping system, or to an automated part conveyor. In all these examples, the output process of the production line forms the arrival process to the next subsystem. This paper develops ...
