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作者：BANKES, S
摘要：Exploratory modeling is using computational experiments to assist in reasoning about systems where there is significant uncertainty. While frequently confused with the use of models to consolidate knowledge into a package that is used to predict system behavior, exploratory modeling is a very different kind of use, requiring a different methodology for model development. This paper distinguishes these two broad classes of model use, describes some of the approaches used in exploratory modeling...
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作者：BRADLEY, MD; BARON, DM
摘要：Measuring performance in a multiproduct firm is difficult because of the complex nature of the firm's output. We present an approach to measuring performance, called operating efficiency, which is the ratio of aggregate output to aggregate resource use. We describe how to calculate operating efficiency for a multiproduct organization and demonstrate how it can be used to understand why performance varies across plants and/or through time. Our application of operating efficiency to the U.S. Pos...
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作者：RAUTMAN, CA; REID, RA; RYDER, EE
作者单位：University of New Mexico
摘要：An optimal disposal schedule for the burial of spent nuclear fuel from boiling-water and pressurized-water power reactors in a geologic repository has been developed using the classical transportation model from linear programming. Optimization is achieved by minimizing the total area required to absorb and dissipate the dynamic, yet highly predictable, quantity of heat produced by the nuclear waste. Costs associated with burying the spent power-reactor fuel can be measured in terms of the ''a...
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作者：SMITH, SA
摘要：Real-time pricing (RTP) is an electric power service offering in which prices vary over time, based on projected supply and demand conditions. Prices may vary hourly or in larger time blocks and are typically announced several hours to one day in advance. RTP is an attractive option because it approximates the economic efficiency of spot pricing, while allowing customers time to react to prices. Currently, most RTP programs are experimental and price is set at approximately marginal cost. This...
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作者：JOHNSON, SA; STEDINGER, JR; SHOEMAKER, CA; LI, Y; TEJADAGUIBERT, JA
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper demonstrates that the computational effort required to develop numerical solutions to continuous-state dynamic programs can be reduced significantly when cubic piecewise polynomial functions, rather than tensor product linear interpolants, are used to approximate the value function. Tensor product cubic splines, represented in either piecewise polynomial or B-spline form, and multivariate Hermite polynomials are considered. Computational savings are possible because of the improved ...
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作者：SONG, WMT; SCHMEISER, BW
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Many commonly used estimators of the variance of the sample mean from a covariance-stationary process can be written as quadratic forms. We study the class of quadratic-form estimators algebraically and graphically, including five specific types of estimators, some from the literature and some that are new. Finite and asymptotic bias, variance, and co are derived and examined, with emphasis on developing intuition and insight by interpreting these properties graphically. The graphs depict the ...
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作者：ROBINSON, SM
摘要：This is the first of two Papers dealing with the establishment of shadow prices for measures effectiveness in an optimization-based combat model. In this paper we explain how the requirement for the analysis arose, and we show how to build a simple linear model that produces shadow prices for kill requirements. When the model is further specialized, these shadow prices become the classical eigenvalue weights familiar from Lanchester theory.
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作者：ROBINSON, SM
摘要：This is the second of a pair of papers describing a two-sided game model of combat. In this paper, each side attempts to develop a force structure attaining the maximum of a prescribed merit function, subject to certain constraints expressed by a set of prescribed measures of effectiveness. These measures can be different for the two sides; furthermore, those of each side can depend on the other side's actions. A solution of the model is a generalized Nash equilibrium of this game, and such a ...
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作者：AGGARWAL, A; PARK, JK
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Many problems in inventory control, production planning, and capacity planning can be formulated in terms of a simple economic lot Size model Proposed independently by A. S. Manne (1958) and by H. M. Wagner and T. M. Whitin (1958). The Manne-Wagner-Whitin model and its variants have been studied widely in the operations research and management science communities, and a large number of algorithms have been proposed for solving various problems expressed in terms of this model, most of which as...
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作者：FEO, TA; PROVAN, JS
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：A simple, O(\V\2) time algorithm is presented that reduces a connected two-terminal, undirected, planar graph to a single edge, by way of series and parallel reductions and delta-wye transformations. The method is applied to a class of optimization/equilibrium problems which includes max flow, shortest path. and electrical resistance problems.
