-
作者：Gupta, Diwakar; Wang, Lei
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Contract manufacturers sell capacity under different terms to different buyers. In a common practice, the supplier offers a market standard price and lead-time combination for products listed in its catalog. At the same time, it strikes contracts with some high-volume customers who require recurring delivery of a custom product at a short notice, usually timed to meet the buyer's production schedule. Whereas the manufacturer is obligated to satisfy demand from these customers, it can dynamical...
-
作者：Lejeune, Miguel A.; Ruszczynski, Andrzej
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：We consider a supply chain operating in an uncertain environment: The customers' demand is characterized by a discrete probability distribution. A probabilistic programming approach is adopted for constructing an inventory-production-distribution plan over a multiperiod planning horizon. The plan does not allow the backlogging of the unsatisfied demand, and minimizes the costs of the supply chain while enabling it to reach a prescribed nonstockout service level. It is a strategic plan that hed...
-
作者：Kirby, Maurice W.
作者单位：Lancaster University
摘要：From the 1970s onwards, the OR community in Britain engaged in ongoing debate on the future of the discipline, the product of an emerging crisis of confidence engendered in part by the end of the golden age of western economic growth and the associated downsizing, or abolition, of practitioner groups in the corporate industrial sector. In addition, reservations were expressed concerning the increasing mathematization of academic OR in the context of the established hard or classical paradigm. ...
-
作者：Blumstein, Alfred
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：One of the historic roles of operations research (OR) people in the problem domains they enter is that of missionary, bringing their OR techniques of quantitative modeling, system perspective, and planning to the fields where those approaches have not yet taken hold. One of the most primitive of social systems in that regard is the criminal justice system responsible for society's response to crime. Over the past 40 years, I and a number of colleagues have been involved in this missionary func...
-
作者：Alagoz, Oguzhan; Maillart, Lisa M.; Schaefer, Andrew J.; Roberts, Mark S.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：The only available therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease is organ transplantation. In the United States, patients with end-stage liver disease are placed on a waiting list and offered livers based on location and waiting time, as well as current and past health. Although there is a shortage of cadaveric livers, 45% of all cadaveric liver offers are declined by the first transplant surgeon and/or patient to whom they are offered. We consider the decision problem faced by these patie...
-
作者：Allon, Gad; Federgruen, Awi
作者单位：Northwestern University; Columbia University
摘要：We analyze a general market for an industry of competing service facilities. Firms differentiate themselves by their price levels and the waiting time their customers experience, as well as different attributes not determined directly through competition. Our model therefore assumes that the expected demand experienced by a given firm may depend on all of the industry's price levels as well as a (steady-state) waiting-time standard, which each of the firms announces and commits itself to by pr...
-
作者：Kapuscinski, Roman; Tayur, Sridhar
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：We study a finite-horizon discrete-time model of due-date setting (equivalently, reserving capacity) in a make-to-order setting, where demands arrive from two different classes of customers. Demands in each period are stochastic. The two customer classes penalize with different margins the lead times quoted to them, which (once quoted) are to be satisfied reliably. We first derive the optimal policy for reserving capacity that maps to quoted due dates. We use the insights from its structure to...
-
作者：Levin, Yuri; McGill, Jeff; Nediak, Mikhail
作者单位：Queens University - Canada
摘要：We present a new model for revenue management of product sales that incorporates both dynamic pricing and a price guarantee. The guarantee provides customers with compensation if, prior to a fixed future date, the price of the product drops below a level specified at the time of purchase. We consider the problem of simultaneously determining optimal dynamic price and guarantee policies for items from a fixed stock when demand depends both on the price and on the parameters of the price guarant...
-
作者：Popescu, Ioana
作者单位：INSEAD Business School
摘要：We provide a method for deriving robust solutions to certain stochastic optimization problems, based on mean-covariance information about the distributions underlying the uncertain vector of returns. We prove that for a general class of objective functions, the robust solutions amount to solving a certain deterministic parametric quadratic program. We first prove a general projection property for multivariate distributions with given means and covariances, which reduces our problem to optimizi...
-
作者：Hobbs, Benjamin F.; Pang, J. S.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
摘要：Most previous Nash-Cournot models of competition among electricity generators have assumed smooth demand (price) functions, facilitating computation and proofs of existence and uniqueness. However, nonsmooth demand functions are an important feature of real power markets due, for example, to price caps and generator recognition of transmission constraints that limit exports. A more general model of Nash-Cournot competition on networks is proposed that accounts for these features by including (...
