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作者：Mintzberg, H
作者单位：McGill University
摘要：This paper is about two managers of Red Cross refugee camps in Tanzania who manage by exception in rather exceptional circumstances. Using a model of managerial work that delineates roles carried out at the information, people, and action levels, inside and outside the unit, these managers' activities concentrate especially on communicating and controlling a chaotic situation in a steady state, at least temporarily. While many other managers appear to be moving away from conventional forms of ...
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作者：Kogut, B; Kulatilaka, N
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Boston University
摘要：Strategy research consists of a balance between positive and normative theory. Normative theories suggest particular heuristics, or cognitive representations, to find appropriate solutions. Heuristics permit faster solutions to real-time problems; they also suffer from the potential of negative transfer to inappropriate applications. The theory of real options provides the appropriate heuristic framing of competencies and exploratory search. A real options approach marries the theory of financ...
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作者：Schoonhoven, CB
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
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作者：Duliba, KA; Kauffman, RJ; Lucas, HC
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：It is difficult for the firm competing through information technology resources to gain a sustainable advantage because systems are easy to imitate and substitute resources are often available to competitors. The innovator may be unable to appropriate all of the benefits from information technology investments. Airlines have installed computerized reservations systems in travel agencies to appropriate the returns from their investments in information technology. The airlines expected to obtain...
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作者：Bowman, EH; Moskowitz, GT
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Southern Methodist University
摘要：The real options approach is frequently advocated as an approach that offers a positive and radical reassessment of the value of risk and exploration. We examine a recent case where Merck used the real options approach to justify an investment in an R&D project. This case is used to highlight some of the problems associated with using real options. We note that the assumptions incorporated in most standard option valuation models can conflict with the conclusions reached by strategic analysis....
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作者：Ahmadjian, CL; Lincoln, JR
作者单位：Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The keiretsu structuring of assembler-supplier relations historically enabled Japanese auto assemblers to remain lean and flexible while enjoying a level of control over supply akin to that of vertical integration. Yet currently there is much talk of breakdowns in keiretsu networks. This paper examines some recent developments in Japanese parts-supply keiretsu. We argue that keiretsu relationships are drifting from hybrid or network (i.e., keiretsu) governance modes toward the extremes of arms...
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作者：Winter, SG; Szulanski, G
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Replication, a familiar phenomenon sometimes referred to as the McDonalds approach, entails the creation and operation of a large number of similar outlets that deliver a product or perform a service. Companies pursuing this strategy are now active in over 60 industries. Although replicators; are becoming one of the dominant organizational forms of our time, they have been neglected by scholars interested in organizations. As a result of this neglect, replication is typically conceptualized as...
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作者：McKendrick, DG; Carroll, GR
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stanford University
摘要：This article asks a basic question of organizational evolution: When and where will a new organizational form emerge? Using a definition of organizational forms as external identity codes, we focus on two answers drawn from contemporary organization theory. The first holds that formal institutions such as industry associations and standard-setting bodies will result in a taken-for-granted organizational form. The second answer contends that increasing organizational density (number of organiza...
