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作者：Lin, Zhiang (John); Zhao, Xia; Ismail, Kiran A.; Carley, Kathleen M.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Organizations are occasionally faced with technology-based and accident-triggered crises that may cause costly disasters if not handled properly. Questions arise: How should organizations, with their complex processes and human involvement, be designed if they are to perform well in such crises? Would organizations benefit from structural changes during crises? From a neo-information processing perspective that views organizations as composed of cognitively restricted, socially situated, and t...
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作者：Wade, James B.; O'Reilly, Charles A., III; Pollock, Timothy G.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University Newark; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Stanford University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：In this study we propose that norms of fairness are salient to top decision makers and show that over- or underpayment of the CEO cascades down to lower organizational levels. Moreover, it appears that CEOs use their own power not only to increase their own salaries, but also those of their subordinates. One implication of such a process may be that the overpayment of a top executive has higher costs than have previously been realized. We also find evidence suggesting that CEOs serve as a key ...
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作者：Payne, G. Tyge
作者单位：Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University
摘要：Gresov and Drazin's (1997) suggestions regarding the study of equifinality are used to investigate the organizational configurations that exists within a suboptimal equifinality context. A suboptimal equifinality situation exists when organizations must satisfy multiple and conflicting functional demands with a restricted set of design options; these restrictions force all organizations to operate suboptimally. Gresov and Drazin (1997) speculate that in such a situation legitimacy claims are m...
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作者：Dobrev, Stanislav D.; Ozdemir, Salih Zeki; Teo, Albert C.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of New South Wales Sydney; National University of Singapore
摘要：W e know that organizations of different but related kinds greatly influence each other's evolution. Although empirical findings abound, the theories behind them are still being developed. We advance a model of ecological interdependence between emergent and established populations. Our model is based on three main ideas. First, we consider related populations to be those that overlap in identity and resource space and that simultaneously exhibit competitive and mutualistic relationships, the ...
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作者：Westerman, G; McFarlan, FW; Iansiti, M
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University
摘要：Differing bases of competition in early and later stages of an innovation's life cycle call for differing organization designs. Designs that fit early strategic contingencies tend to misfit later ones. Over time, innovating units must either minimize the negative effects of misfit, or make difficult changes in design. Using four paired case studies, we examine how firms address conflicts in strategic contingencies, how managers adjust to misfits. and how organizations adapt their designs. We f...
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作者：Lawrence, BS
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This paper introduces and empirically explores the concept of an organizational reference group: the set of people an individual perceives as belonging to his or her work environment that defines the social world of work in which he or she engages. The concept is proposed to fill a gap in studies of social context. Scholars tend only to infer, not identify, the people an individual is aware of at work. This surmise creates no problem in groups or small organizations where everyone knows everyo...
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作者：Khanna, Tarun; Rivkin, Jan W.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We identify which types of ties best distinguish pairs of Chilean firms in the same business group from pairs of Chilean firms that are not group brethren. Overlap in owners, indirect equity holdings, and director interlocks are especially strong delineators of group boundaries. Family connections and direct equity holdings do not do as good a job of distinguishing group boundaries. These findings challenge the longstanding conventional wisdom among field-based scholars that family bonds are t...
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作者：Dunbar, RLM; Starbuck, WH
作者单位：New York University; University of Oregon
摘要：The academic focus of organization studies has unfortunately drifted over the years from the issues that organizations pose for their members and their societies, and the issues that confront people who seek to improve organizations. However, studies of efforts to design organizations can help us to better understand organizations and may also help us to improve them. The papers in this special issue of Organization Science describe several specific efforts to design organizations, telling why...
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作者：Kellogg, KC; Orlikowski, WJ; Yates, JA
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In our study of an interactive marketing organization, we examine how members of different communities perform boundary-spanning coordination work in conditions of high speed, uncertainty, and rapid change. We find that members engage in a number of cross-boundary coordination practices that make their work visible and legible to each other, and that enable ongoing revision and alignment. Drawing on the notion of a trading zone, we suggest that by engaging in these practices, members enact a c...
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作者：Bercovitz, Janet; Jap, Sandy D.; Nickerson, Jack A.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Emory University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Our study investigates the antecedents and performance implications of cooperative exchange norms. We argue that, in early relationships, the level of expected cooperative norms in an exchange is the result of a calculative process facilitated by transaction attributes: joint transaction-specific investments and observability. The greater the level of these two exchange attributes, the greater the level of cooperative exchange norms, all else being equal. We further argue that the realized lev...
