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作者：Castellani, Davide; Jimenez, Alfredo; Zanfei, Antonello
作者单位：University of Perugia; Universidad de Burgos; University of Urbino
摘要：This paper shows that value creation by multinational enterprises (MNEs) is the result of activities where geographic distance effects can be overcome. We submit that geographic distance has a relatively low impact on international research and development (R&D) investments, owing to the spiky nature of innovation, and to the unique ability of MNEs to absorb and transfer knowledge on a global scale. On the one hand, MNEs need to set up their labs as close as possible to specialized technology ...
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作者：Levin, Daniel Z.; Barnard, Helena
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Newark; University of Pretoria
摘要：Less-developed countries benefit from being connected to technologically and economically advanced countries. The well-documented mechanisms for this cross-national flow of knowledge all involve interfirm connections, such as trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and alliances. We examine the potential of a different mechanism interpersonal ties abroad that has only recently become practicable, owing to advances in communication and transportation technologies, globalization, and increased m...
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作者：Aulakh, Preet S.; Jiang, Marshall S.; Li, Sali
作者单位：York University - Canada; Brock University; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：Granting of exclusive rights is an important consideration for firms using licensing as a mode of entry into foreign markets, as exclusive contracts reduce licensors' flexibility in a given market during the term of the agreement. By granting exclusivity to a licensee with greater technological potential, the exchange partners can increase the potential transactional value of the licensing agreement. At the same time, a licensee with strong technological potential will increase the threat of t...
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作者：Shao, Liang; Kwok, Chuck C. Y.; Zhang, Ran
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; Peking University
摘要：We explore the relation between individualism and horizons and types of corporate investment, based on individualism's implications for risk taking. We find that firms in individualistic countries invest more in long-term (risky) than in short-term (safe) assets. Moreover, the effect of individualism on long-term investment hinges on R&D: firms in individualistic countries invest more in R&D projects but not more in physical assets. To test whether risk taking is the channel through which indi...
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作者：Eapen, Alex
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：Scholars studying foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers usually examine whether productivity gains in domestic firms can be attributed to the presence of foreign firms in their industry. However, empirical estimation is often based on datasets that omit certain kinds of firms in the economy. We argue that identifying FDI spillover effects in such incomplete datasets is problematic, owing to measurement error and selection problems. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that spillover eff...
