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作者：JUDGE, TA; FERRIS, GR
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：The rote of social and situational influences in the performance-rating process has received relatively little research attention yet merits increased attention. Although there has been acknowledgment of the role of social and situational factors in shaping rater cognition and evaluation, research has typically proceeded in a piecemeal fashion, isolating a single variable at a time. Such an approach fails to recognize that performance rating is a process with multiple social and situational fa...
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作者：BURNS, LR; WHOLEY, DR
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Organizational design theorists argue that organizations adopt matrix (departmentalized) structures for technical reasons, to solve problems of internal coordination and information processing. Research on interorganizational networks suggests that organizations adopt new structures because of mimetic forces and normative pressures. We examined the effects of both sets of factors on the adoption of matrix management in a group of hospitals. Multivariate analyses revealed that matrix adoption i...
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作者：DAVY, JA; SHIPPER, F
作者单位：University System of Maryland; Salisbury University
摘要：This study assessed the relations among social pressures favoring unions, job satisfaction, perceptions of union instrumentality, and individuals' voter behavior using covariance structure analysis. Job satisfaction and union instrumentality were measured prior to and following union certification elections. Results indicate social pressure was the strongest predictor of voter behavior, having a direct effect as well as mediated effects through satisfaction and commitment. Only voter behavior ...
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作者：BOEKER, W; GOODSTEIN, J
作者单位：Washington State University
摘要：This study examined influences on whether chief executive successors are chosen from inside or outside an organization. We examined the choice of a successor as a function of organizational performance as moderated by the composition of an organization's board of directors and its ownership structure. Results indicate that performance influences successor choice, but board composition, firm ownership, and ownership concentration moderate that relationship. These relationships were examined usi...
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作者：MORGAN, RB
摘要：This research examined perceptions of ethics on the premise that such perceptions have important implications for ethical behavior in organizations. Various raters assessed managers' ethics; subordinates and peers provided the least favorable assessments, which were directly related to perceptions of leadership but inversely related (for ratings by subordinates) to salary data. Implications for fostering ethical behavior in organizations are discussed.
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作者：NAYYAR, PR
摘要：This study examined the performance effects of information asymmetry and economies of scope in diversified service firms. Tests using both accounting- and stock-market-based measures of performance revealed that information asymmetry improved performance more than economies of scope. As hypothesized, the benefits of information asymmetry were greater for firms offering services whose quality cannot be determined until after their purchase (experience services), and the benefits of economies of...
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作者：SIMONS, T
摘要：This study's premise is that negotiation dyads' conceptualization of utility is a key component of their ''cognitive maps,'' or internal representations, that influences the dyads' assumptions and motivation. A linguistic indicator was developed for utility as an objective attribute, utility as a subjective preference, and utility as an interpersonal relationship. An analysis of 79 transcripts from two negotiation studies revealed that dyads whose members conceptualized utility as a subjective...
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作者：CRANT, JM; BATEMAN, TS
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：Assigning credit and blame to others for their successful and unsuccessful performances is a ubiquitous, yet relatively unstudied, process in organizations. Using a sample of 120 accountants, we assessed three predictors of the assignment of credit and blame-self-handicapping, type of causal account, and performance outcome-and two consequences of such assignment: reward allocation and impressions of an actor. Use of self-handicapping and external causal accounts diminished observers' assignme...
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作者：GEORGE, JM; REED, TF; BALLARD, KA; COLIN, J; FIELDING, J
作者单位：Northwestern University; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University
摘要：In this study, we hypothesized that a nurse's exposure to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients as part of the work role is positively associated with distress as indexed by negative mood at work. Given this expected relation, we sought to identify factors that might reduce the negative effects of caring for AIDS patients on nurses. We predicted that both organizational and social support would moderate the relationship between extent of exposure and negative mood, with the relati...
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作者：WELSH, DHB; LUTHANS, F; SOMMER, SM
作者单位：University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：The new internationalization of the field of management has produced growing concern as to whether theories and techniques largely developed in the United States apply to other cultures. A within-subjects experimental design was used to analyze the impacts that three popular and successful techniques used in U.S. studies had on the performance of workers in the largest textile factory in the Russian republic of the former Soviet Union. Two techniques, providing extrinsic rewards and behavioral...
