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作者：Chattopadhyay, R; Duflo, E
作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Calcutta; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper uses political reservations for women in India to study the impact of women's leadership on policy decisions. Since the mid-1990's, one third of Village Council head positions in India have been randomly reserved for a woman: In these councils only women could be elected to the position of head. Village Councils are responsible for the provision of many local public goods in rural areas. Using a dataset we collected on 265 Village Councils in West Bengal and Rajasthan, we compare th...
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作者：Marmol, F; Velasco, C
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：In this paper we investigate methods for testing the existence of a cointegration relationship among the components of a nonstationary fractionally integrated (NFI) vector time series. Our framework generalizes previous studies restricted to unit root integrated processes and permits simultaneous analysis of spurious and clointegrated NFI vectors. We propose a modified F-statistic, based on a particular studentization, which converges weakly under both hypotheses, despite the fact that OLS est...
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作者：Miguel, E; Kremer, M
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Intestinal helminths-including hookworm, roundworm, whipworm, and schistosomiasis-infect more than one-quarter of the world's population. Studies in which medical treatment is randomized at the individual level potentially doubly underestimate the benefits of treatment, missing externality benefits to the comparison group from reduced disease transmission, and therefore also underestimating benefits for the treatment group. We evaluate a Kenyan project in which school-based mass treatment with...
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作者：Samuelson, L
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Preferences exhibit relative consumption effects if a person's satisfaction with their own consumption appears to depend upon how much others are consuming. This paper examines a model of an evolutionary environment in which Nature optimally builds relative consumption effects into preferences in order to compensate for incomplete environmental information.
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作者：Newey, WK; Hsieh, F; Robins, JM
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Davis; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：The purpose of this note is to show how semiparametric estimators with a small bias property can be constructed. The small bias property (SBP) of a semiparametric estimator is that its bias converges to zero faster than the pointwise and integrated bias of the nonparametric estimator on which it is based. We show that semiparametric estimators based on twicing kernels have the SBP. We also show that semiparametric estimators where nonparametric kernel estimation does not affect the asymptotic ...
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作者：Newey, WK; Smith, RJ
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Warwick
摘要：In an effort to improve the small sample properties of generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators, a number of alternative estimators have been suggested. These include empirical likelihood (EL), continuous updating, and exponential tilting estimators. We show that these estimators share a common structure, being members of a class of generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) estimators. We use this structure to compare their higher order asymptotic properties. We find that GEL has no asympto...
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作者：Meghir, C; Pistaferri, L
作者单位：University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London; Stanford University
摘要：Recent theoretical work has shown the importance of measuring microeconomic uncertainty for models of both general and partial equilibrium under imperfect insurance. In this paper the assumption of i.i.d. income innovations used in previous empirical studies is removed and the focus of the analysis is placed on models for the conditional variance of income shocks, which is related to the measure of risk emphasized by the theory. We first discriminate amongst various models of earnings determin...
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作者：Newey, WK
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Conditional moment restrictions can be combined through GMM estimation to construct more efficient semiparametric estimators. This paper is about attainable efficiency for such estimators. We define and use a moment tangent set, the directions of departure from the truth allowed by the moments, to characterize when the semiparametric efficiency bound can be attained. The efficiency condition is that the moment tangent set equals the model tangent set. We apply these results to transformed, cen...
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作者：Mookherjee, D; Tsumagari, M
作者单位：Boston University; Keio University
摘要：In a one-principal two-agent model with adverse selection and collusion among agents, we show that delegating to one agent the right to subcontract with the other agent always earns lower profit for the principal compared with centralized contracting. Delegation to an intermediary is also not in the principal's interest if the agents supply substitutes. It can be beneficial if the agents produce complements and the intermediary is well informed.
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作者：Glazer, J; Rubinstein, A
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Boston University; Tel Aviv University; New York University
摘要：A speaker wishes to persuade a listener to accept a certain request. The conditions under which the request is justified, from the listener's point of view, depend on the values of two aspects. The values of the aspects are known only to the speaker and the listener can check the value of at most one. A mechanism specifies a set of messages that the speaker can send and a rule that determines the listener's response, namely, which aspect he checks and whether he accepts or rejects the speaker'...
