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作者：Kopytov, Alexandr; Mishra, Bineet; Nimark, Kristoffer; Taschereau-Dumouchel, Mathieu
作者单位：University of Rochester; Cornell University
摘要：Supply chain disturbances can lead to substantial increases in production costs. To mitigate these risks, firms may take steps to reduce their reliance on volatile suppliers. We construct a model of endogenous network formation to investigate how these decisions affect the structure of the production network and the level and volatility of macroeconomic aggregates. When uncertainty increases in the model, producers prefer to purchase from more stable suppliers, even though they might sell at h...
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作者：Boudreau, Laura
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Annually, work-related mortality is responsible for 5-7% of all global deaths, and at least 1-in-9 workers experience nonfatal occupational accidents (ILO (2019a,b)). Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) committees are considered the key worker voice institution through which to improve workplace safety and health (ILO (1981)). I present evidence of OSH committees' causal effects on workers and on factories. To do so, I collaborated with 29 multinational apparel buyers that committed to enforc...
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作者：Lane, Gregory
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, with low-income countries being disproportionately impacted. However, these countries often face market frictions that hinder their ability to adopt effective adaptation strategies. In this paper, I explore the role of credit market failures in limiting adaptation. To achieve this, I collaborate with a large microfinance institution and offer a randomly selected group of farmers access to guaranteed credit through an Emergen...
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作者：Che, Yeon-Koo; Kim, Jinwoo; Kojima, Fuhito; Ryan, Christopher Thomas
作者单位：Columbia University; Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; University of British Columbia
摘要：We give two characterizations of Pareto optimality via near weighted utilitarian welfare maximization. One characterization sequentially maximizes utilitarian welfare functions using a finite sequence of nonnegative and eventually positive welfare weights. The other maximizes a utilitarian welfare function with a certain class of positive hyperreal weights. The social welfare ordering represented by these near weighted utilitarian welfare criteria is characterized by the standard axioms for we...
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作者：Muller, Ulrich K.; Watson, Mark W.
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：This paper proposes a model for, and investigates the consequences of, strong spatial dependence in economic variables. Our findings echo those of the corresponding unit root time series literature: Spatial unit root processes induce spuriously significant regression results, even with clustered standard errors or spatial HAC corrections. We develop large-sample valid unit root and stationarity tests that can detect such strong spatial dependence. Finally, we use simulations to study strategie...
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作者：Mu, Xiaosheng; Pomatto, Luciano; Strack, Philipp; Tamuz, Omer
作者单位：Princeton University; California Institute of Technology; Yale University
摘要：The expectation is an example of a descriptive statistic that is monotone with respect to stochastic dominance, and additive for sums of independent random variables. We provide a complete characterization of such statistics, and explore a number of applications to models of individual and group decision-making. These include a representation of stationary monotone time preferences, extending the work of Fishburn and Rubinstein (1982) to time lotteries. This extension offers a new perspective ...
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作者：Georgiadis, George; Ravid, Doron; Szentes, Balazs
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Chicago; University of Hong Kong; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper considers a moral hazard problem where the agent can choose any output distribution with a support in a given compact set. The agent's effort-cost is smooth and increasing in first-order stochastic dominance. To analyze this model, we develop a generalized notion of the first-order approach applicable to optimization problems over measures. We demonstrate each output distribution can be implemented and identify those contracts that implement that distribution. These contracts are ch...
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作者：Berry, Steven T.; Haile, Philip A.
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine identification of differentiated products demand when one has micro data linking the characteristics and choices of individual consumers. Our model nests standard specifications featuring rich observed and unobserved consumer heterogeneity as well as product/market-level unobservables that introduce the problem of econometric endogeneity. Previous work establishes identification of such models using market-level data and instruments for all prices and quantities. Micro data provides...
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作者：Shem-Tov, Yotam; Raphael, Steven; Skog, Alissa
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper studies the effect of a restorative justice intervention targeted at 143 youth ages 13 to 17 facing felony charges of medium severity (e.g., burglary, assault). Eligible youths were randomly assigned to participate in the Make-it-Right (MIR) restorative justice program or a control group where they faced standard criminal prosecution. We estimate the effects of MIR on the likelihood that a youth will be rearrested in the four years following randomization. Assignment to MIR reduces ...
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作者：Shapiro, Jesse M.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
