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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Page, Marianne E.; West, James E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Why aren't there more women in science? This paper begins to shed light on this question by exploiting data from the U. S. Air Force Academy, where students are randomly assigned to professors for a wide variety of mandatory standardized courses. We focus on the role of professor gender. Our results suggest that although professor gender has little impact on male students, it has a powerful effect on female students' performance in math and science classes, and high-performing female students'...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Northwestern University; New Economic School
摘要：We study dynamic selection of governments under different political institutions, with a special focus on institutional flexibility. A government consists of a subset of the individuals in the society. The competence level of the government in office determines collective utilities (e.g., by determining the amount and quality of public goods), and each individual derives additional utility from being part of the government (e.g., rents from holding office). We characterize the dynamic evolutio...
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作者：Cohen, Jessica; Dupas, Pascaline
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：It is often argued that cost-sharing-charging a subsidized, positive price-for a health product is necessary to avoid wasting resources on those who will not use or do not need the product. We explore this argument through a field experiment in Kenya, in which we randomized the price at which prenatal clinics could sell long-lasting antimalarial insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) to pregnant women. We find no evidence that cost-sharing reduces wastage on those who will not use the product: wo...
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作者：Gould, Eric D.; Klor, Esteban F.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper examines whether terrorism is an effective tool for achieving political goals. By exploiting geographic variation in terror attacks in Israel from 1988 to 2006, we show that local terror attacks cause Israelis to be more willing to grant territorial concessions to the Palestinians. These effects are stronger for demographic groups that are traditionally right-wing in their political views. However, terror attacks beyond a certain threshold cause Israelis to adopt a less accommodatin...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Karlan, Dean; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zinman, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Yale University; Harvard University; Princeton University; Dartmouth College; Yale University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); Harvard University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)
摘要：Firms spend billions of dollars developing advertising content, yet there is little field evidence on how much or how it affects demand. We analyze a direct mail field experiment in South Africa implemented by a consumer lender that randomized advertising content, loan price, and loan offer deadlines simultaneously. We find that advertising content significantly affects demand. Although it was difficult to predict ex ante which specific advertising features would matter most in this context, t...
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作者：Hong, Harrison; Kacperczyk, Marcin
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：We attempt to measure the effect of competition on bias in the context of analyst earnings forecasts, which are known to be excessively optimistic because of conflicts of interest. Our natural experiment for competition is mergers of brokerage houses, which result in the firing of analysts because of redundancy (e.g., one of the two oil stock analysts is let go) and other reasons such as culture clash. We use this decrease in analyst coverage for stocks covered by both merging houses before th...
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作者：Kesten, Onur
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：An increasingly popular practice for student assignment to public schools in the United States is the use of school choice systems. The celebrated Gale-Shapley student-optimal stable mechanism (SOSM) has recently replaced two deficient student assignment mechanisms that were in use in New York City and Boston. We provide theoretical evidence that the SOSM outcome may produce large welfare losses. Then we propose an efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism (EADAM) that allows a student...
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作者：Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Cullen, Mark R.
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We provide a graphical illustration of how standard consumer and producer theory can be used to quantify the welfare loss associated with inefficient pricing in insurance markets with selection. We then show how this welfare loss can be estimated empirically using identifying variation in the price of insurance. Such variation, together with quantity data, allows us to estimate the demand for insurance. The same variation, together with cost data, allows us to estimate how insurers' costs vary...
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作者：Caplin, Andrew; Dean, Mark; Glimcher, Paul W.; Rutledge, Robb B.
作者单位：New York University; Brown University; New York University
摘要：The neurotransmitter dopamine is central to the emerging discipline of neuroeconomics; it is hypothesized to encode the difference between expected and realized rewards and thereby to mediate belief formation and choice. We develop the first formal tests of this theory of dopaminergic function, based on a recent axiomatization by Caplin and Dean (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123 (2008), 663-702). These tests are satisfied by neural activity in the nucleus accumbens, an area rich in dopamine...
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作者：Nakamura, Emi; Steinsson, Jon
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Empirical evidence suggests that as much as one-third of the U. S. business cycle is due to nominal shocks. We calibrate a multisector menu cost model using new evidence on the cross-sectional distribution of the frequency and size of price changes in the U. S. economy. We augment the model to incorporate intermediate inputs. We show that the introduction of heterogeneity in the frequency of price change triples the degree of monetary non-neutrality generated by the model. We furthermore show ...
