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作者：Mian, Atif; Straub, Ludwig; Sufi, Amir
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We propose a theory of indebted demand, capturing the idea that large debt burdens lower aggregate demand, and thus the natural rate of interest. At the core of the theory is the simple yet underappreciated observation that borrowers and savers differ in their marginal propensities to save out of permanent income. Embedding this insight in a two-agent perpetual-youth model, we find that recent trends in income inequality and financial deregulation lead to indebted household demand, pushing dow...
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作者：Ang, Desmond
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Nearly 1,000 officer-involved killings occur each year in the United States. This article documents the large, racially disparate effects of these events on the educational and psychological well-being of Los Angeles public high school students. Exploiting hyperlocal variation in how close students live to a killing, I find that exposure to police violence leads to persistent decreases in GPA, increased incidence of emotional disturbance, and lower rates of high school completion and college e...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Baysan, Ceren; Gumren, Mert; Kubilay, Elif
作者单位：European University Institute; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University; University of Essex; Koc University
摘要：We evaluate the effect of an educational program that aims to build social cohesion in ethnically mixed schools by developing perspective-taking ability in children. The program is implemented in Turkish elementary schools affected by a large influx of Syrian refugee children. We measure a comprehensive set of outcomes that characterize a cohesive school environment, including peer violence incidents, the prevalence of interethnic social ties, and prosocial behavior. Using randomized variation...
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作者：Caunedo, Julieta; Keller, Elisa
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Exeter
摘要：This article argues that accounting for capital-embodied technology greatly increases the importance of capital in explaining cross-country differences in agricultural labor productivity. To do so, we draw on a novel data set of agricultural capital prices. We document that new capital is more expensive in richer countries, both in absolute terms and relative to old capital. A model of endogenous adoption of capital of different quality links these price differences to the path of capital-embo...
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作者：Stantcheva, Stefanie
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：I study how people understand, reason, and learn about two major tax policies: income taxation and estate taxation. Using large-scale social economics surveys issued to representative U.S. samples and associated experiments, I elicit respondents' factual knowledge about tax policy and the income or wealth distributions. Most important, I study their understanding of the mechanisms of tax policy and the reasoning that underlies their policy views. In decomposing policy views, I find that suppor...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Kotsadam, Andreas; Rooth, Dan-Olof
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stockholm University
摘要：We examine whether integrating men and women in a traditionally male-dominated environment can change men's attitudes about mixed-gender productivity, gender roles, and gender identity. Our context is the military in Norway, where we randomly assigned female recruits to some squads but not others during boot camp. We find that living and working with women for eight weeks causes men to have more egalitarian attitudes. There is a 14 percentage point higher fraction of men who think mixed-gender...
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作者：Michalopoulos, Stelios; Xue, Melanie Meng
作者单位：Brown University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Folklore is the collection of traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a community passed through the generations by word of mouth. We introduce to economics a unique catalog of oral traditions spanning approximately 1,000 societies. After validating the catalog's content by showing that the groups' motifs reflect known geographic and social attributes, we present two sets of applications. First, we illustrate how to fill in the gaps and expand upon a group's ethnographic record, focusing ...
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作者：Miller, Sarah; Johnson, Norman; Wherry, Laura R.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; New York University
摘要：We use large-scale federal survey data linked to administrative death records to investigate the relationship between Medicaid enrollment and mortality. Our analysis compares changes in mortality for near-elderly adults in states with and without Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions. We identify adults most likely to benefit using survey information on socioeconomic status, citizenship status, and public program participation. We find that prior to the ACA expansions, mortality rates across...
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作者：Lowes, Sara; Montero, Eduardo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Chicago
摘要：All colonial powers granted concessions to private companies to extract natural resources during the colonial era. In Africa, these concessions were characterized by indirect rule and violence. We use the arbitrarily defined borders of rubber concessions granted in the north of the Congo Free State to examine the causal effects of this form of economic organization on development. We find that historical exposure to the concessions causes significantly worse education, wealth, and health outco...
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作者：Bryan, Gharad; Choi, James J.; Karlan, Dean
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University
摘要：We study the causal impact of religiosity through a randomized evaluation of an evangelical Protestant Christian values and theology education program delivered to thousands of ultrapoor Filipino households. Six months after the program ended, treated households have higher religiosity and income; no statistically significant differences in total labor supply, consumption, food security, or life satisfaction; and lower perceived relative economic status. Exploratory analysis suggests that the ...
