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作者：Boar, Corina; Midrigan, Virgiliu
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We characterize optimal product market policy in an unequal economy in which firm ownership is concentrated and markups increase with firm market shares. We study the problem of a utilitarian regulator who designs revenue-neutral interventions in the product market. We show that optimal policy increases product market concentration. This is because policies that encourage larger producers to expand improve allocative efficiency, increase the demand for labour and equilibrium wages. We derive t...
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作者：Lagunoff, Roger
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：Authoritarian regimes often use targeted social control-unequal application of the law to limit expressive freedom and enforce social conformity. At the same time, their methods appear less draconian than in the past. In this model, an authority structures punishments and rewards to compel adherence to its preferred norm. The authority's commitment is time-limited and depends on imperfectly informative signals of a citizen's behaviour. Given two citizens with the same observed behaviour, the a...
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作者：Markevich, Andrei; Naumenko, Natalya; Qian, Nancy
作者单位：University of Helsinki; New Economic School; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); George Mason University; Northwestern University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We construct a novel panel dataset for interwar Soviet Union to study the causes of Ukrainian famine mortality (Holodomor) during 1932-3 and document several facts: (1) Ukraine produced enough food in 1932 to avoid famine in Ukraine; (2) 1933 mortality in the Soviet Union was increasing in the pre-famine ethnic Ukrainian population share and (3) was unrelated to food productivity across regions; (4) this pattern exists even outside of Ukraine; (5) migration restrictions exacerbated mortality; ...
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作者：Sergeyev, Dmitriy; Lian, Chen; Gorodnichenko, Yuriy
作者单位：Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Bocconi University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the psychological costs of financial constraints and their economic consequences. Using a representative survey of U.S. households, we document the prevalence of financial stress in U.S. households and a strong relationship between financial stress and measures of financial constraints. We incorporate financial stress into an otherwise standard dynamic model of consumption and labour supply. We emphasize two key results. First, both financial stress itself and naivete about financial ...
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作者：Crepon, Bruno; Premand, Patrick
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; The World Bank
摘要：Public interventions in the apprenticeship market often aim to increase demand or returns. We set up a double-sided experiment with youth and firms to analyse a subsidized dual apprenticeship program. This intervention seeks to relax financial constraints for youth by offering a wage subsidy and to make apprenticeship more attractive by providing vocational training in technical skills that complements on-the-job training. We document a large increase in youth participation in apprenticeship, ...
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作者：Marx, Benjamin; Pons, Vincent; Rollet, Vincent
作者单位：Boston University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In most national elections, voters face a key choice between continuity and change. Electoral turnovers occur when the incumbent candidate or party fails to win reelection. To understand how turnovers affect national outcomes, we study all presidential and parliamentary elections held globally between 1946 and 2018. We document the prevalence of turnovers over time and estimate their effects on economic performance, human development, and the quality of democracy. Using a close-elections regre...
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作者：Lundborg, Petter; Plug, Erik; Rasmussen, Astrid Wurtz
作者单位：Lund University; University of Amsterdam; Aarhus University
摘要：We introduce a novel strategy to study the intergenerational transmission of human capital skills, net of genetic skill transfers. For this purpose, we use unique Danish data on children conceived through sperm and egg donation in in vitro fertilization treatments to estimate the relationship between child test scores and parental years of schooling. Because the assignment of donors is not selective, these parental schooling estimates allow for a causal nurture interpretation. Once we take acc...
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作者：Foerster, Hanno
作者单位：Boston College; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Aarhus University
摘要：In many countries, divorce law mandates post-marital maintenance payments (child support and alimony) to insure the lower earner in married couples against financial losses upon divorce. This paper studies how maintenance payments affect couples' intertemporal decisions and welfare. I develop a dynamic model of family labour supply, home production, savings, and divorce and estimate it using Danish register and survey data. The model captures the policy tradeoff between providing insurance to ...
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作者：Herkenhoff, Kyle F.; Raveendranathan, Gajendran
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; McMaster University
摘要：We measure the distribution of welfare losses from non-competitive behaviour in the U.S. credit card industry during the 1970s and 1980s. The early credit card industry was characterized by regional monopolies. Ensuing legal decisions led to competitive reforms that resulted in greater, but still limited, oligopolistic competition. We measure the distributional consequences of these reforms by developing and estimating a heterogeneous agent, defaultable debt framework with oligopolistic lender...
