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作者：Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Stephens, Melvin, Jr.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Using county-level data across several decades, and various OLS and TSLS models, we find that higher local wages and employment lower turnout in elections for governor, senator, US Congress and state House of Representatives, but have no effect on presidential turnout. We also find that the share of people voting in one election but not in another on the same ballot increases as local labor market conditions improve. We argue that these results are most consistent with information-based models...
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作者：Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Shleifer, Andrei
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Harvard University
摘要：In cross-country data, teaching practices (such as copying from the board versus working on projects together) are related to various dimensions of social capital. In micro-data from three datasets, teaching practices are also strongly correlated with student beliefs about cooperation across schools within countries. To address omitted variable and reverse causality concerns, we show that, within schools, teaching practices also have an independent and sizeable effect on student beliefs. The e...
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作者：Miller, Grant; Pinto, Diana; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; University College London
摘要：Unexpected medical care spending imposes considerable financial risk on developing country households. Based on managed care models of health insurance in wealthy countries, Colombia's Regimen Subsidiado is a publicly financed insurance program targeted to the poor, aiming both to provide risk protection and to promote allocative efficiency in the use of medical care. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we find that the program has shielded the poor from some financial risk while in...
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作者：Akee, Randall; Simeonova, Emilia; Copeland, William; Angold, Adrian; Costello, E. Jane
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Tufts University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：We investigate the effect of household cash transfers during childhood on young adult body mass indexes (BMI). The effects of extra income differ depending on the household's initial socioeconomic status (SES). Children from the initially poorest households have a larger increase in BMI relative to children from initially wealthier households. Several alternative mechanisms are examined. Initial SES holds up as the most likely channel behind the heterogeneous effects of extra income on young a...
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作者：Abouk, Rahi; Adams, Scott
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
摘要：Since 2007, many states passed laws prohibiting text messaging while driving. Using vehicular fatality data from across the United States and standard difference-in-differences techniques, bans appear moderately successful at reducing single-vehicle, single-occupant accidents if bans are universally applied and enforced as a primary offense. Bans enforced as secondary offenses, however, have at best no effect on accidents. Any reduction in accidents following texting bans is short-lived, howev...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Pan, Jessica
作者单位：University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; National University of Singapore
摘要：This paper explores the importance of the home and school environments in explaining the gender gap in disruptive behavior. We document large differences in the gender gap across key features of the home environment-boys do especially poorly in broken families. In contrast, we find little impact of the early school environment on noncognitive gaps. Differences in endowments explain a small part of boys' noncognitive deficit in single-mother families. More importantly, noncognitive returns to p...
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作者：Cole, Shawn; Gine, Xavier; Tobacman, Jeremy; Topalova, Petia; Townsend, Robert; Vickery, James
作者单位：Harvard University; The World Bank; University of Pennsylvania; International Monetary Fund; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Why do many households remain exposed to large exogenous sources of nonsystematic income risk? We use a series of randomized field experiments in rural India to test the importance of price and nonprice factors in the adoption of an innovative rainfall insurance product. Demand is significantly price sensitive, but widespread take-up would not be achieved even if the product offered a payout ratio comparable to US insurance contracts. We present evidence suggesting that lack of trust, liquidit...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Mazumder, Bhashkar
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：We analyze the effects of cognitive abilities on two examples of consumer financial decisions where suboptimal behavior is well defined. The first example features the optimal use of credit cards for convenience transactions after a balance transfer and the second involves a financial mistake on a home equity loan application. We find that consumers with higher overall test scores, and specifically those with higher math scores, are substantially less likely to make a financial mistake. These ...
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作者：Huang, Wei; Lei, Xiaoyan; Ridder, Geert; Strauss, John; Zhao, Yaohui
作者单位：Harvard University; Peking University; University of Southern California; University of Southern California
摘要：In this paper, we build on the literature that examines associations between height and health outcomes of the elderly. We investigate the associations of height shrinkage at older ages with socioeconomic status, finding that height shrinkage for both men and women is negatively associated with better schooling, current urban residence, and household per capita expenditures. We then investigate the relationships between pre-shrinkage height, height shrinkage, and a rich set of health outcomes ...
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作者：Goldstein, Markus; Zivin, Joshua Graff; Habyarimana, James; Pop-Eleches, Cristian; Thirumurthy, Harsha
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Columbia University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We show that pregnant women whose first clinic visit coincides with the nurse's attendance are 58 percentage points more likely to test for HIV and 46 percent more likely to deliver in a hospital. Furthermore, women with high pretest expectations of being HIV positive, whose visit coincides with nurse attendance, are 25 and 7.4 percentage points more likely to deliver in a hospital and receive PMTCT medication, and 9 percentage points less likely to breast-feed than women whose visit coincides...
