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作者：Balas, Aron; La Porta, Rafael; Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio; Shleifer, Andrei
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Universite Catholique de Lille; EDHEC Business School; Harvard University
摘要：Simeon Djankov et al. (2003) introduce a measure of the quality of contract enforcement-the formalism of civil procedure for 109 countries as of 2000. For 40 of these countries, we compute procedural formalism every year since 1950. We find that large differences in procedural formalism between common and civil law countries existed in 1950 and widened by 2000. For this area of law, the findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that national legal systems are converging, and support the vi...
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作者：Chetty, Raj
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Martin Feldstein's (1999) widely used taxable income formula for deadweight loss assumes the marginal social cost of evasion and avoidance equals the tax rate. This condition is likely to be violated in practice for two reasons. First, some of the costs of evasion and avoidance are transfers to other agents. Second, some individuals overestimate the costs of evasion and avoidance. In such situations, excess burden depends on a weighted average of the taxable income and total earned income elas...
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作者：Cellini, Stephanie Riegg
作者单位：George Washington University
摘要：This study assesses the impact of an increase in funding for public community colleges on the market for two-year college education, considering both the effect on community college enrollments and on the number of proprietary schools in a market. I draw on a new administrative dataset of for-profit colleges in California and votes on local community college bond referenda to implement a unique regression discontinuity design. The results suggest that bond passage diverts students from the pri...
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作者：Li, Shanjun; Timmins, Christopher; von Haefen, Roger H.
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Duke University; North Carolina State University
摘要：Exploiting a rich dataset of passenger vehicle registrations in 20 US MSAs from 1997 to 2005, we examine the effects of gasoline prices on the automotive fleet's composition. We find that high gasoline prices affect fleet fuel economy through two channels: shifting new auto purchases towards more fuel-efficient vehicles, and speeding the scrappage of older, less fuel-efficient used vehicles. Policy simulations suggest that a 10 percent increase in gasoline prices from 2005 levels will generate...
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作者：Mastrobuoni, Giovanni; Weinberg, Matthew
作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; Cornell University
摘要：Using data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, this paper describes the shape of consumption profiles over the month for Social Security benefit recipients that have saved different amounts for retirement. Individuals with income mostly made up of Social Security and savings smooth consumption over the pay period, while individuals without savings consume 25 percent fewer calories the week before they receive checks relative to the week afterwards. The findings for indivi...
