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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Ginja, Rita
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Uppsala University
摘要：This paper provides new estimates of the medium- and long-term impacts of Head Start on health and behavioral problems. We identify these impacts using discontinuities in the probability of participation induced by program eligibility rules. Our strategy allows us to identify the effect of Head Start for the individuals in the neighborhoods of multiple discontinuities. Participation in the program reduces the incidence of behavioral problems, health problems, and obesity of male children at ag...
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作者：Bronzini, Raffaello; Iachini, Eleonora
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：This paper evaluates a unique R&D subsidy program implemented in northern Italy. Firms were invited to submit proposals for new projects and only those which scored above a certain threshold received the subsidy. We use a sharp regression discontinuity design to compare the investment spending of subsidized firms with that of unsubsidized firms. For the sample as a whole we find no significant increase in investment. This overall effect, however, masks substantial heterogeneity in the program'...
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作者：Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen; Schultz, Esben Anton
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper estimates taxable income responses using a series of Danish tax reforms and population-wide administrative data since 1980. The tax variation and data in Denmark makes it possible to overcome the biases from nontax changes in inequality and mean reversion that plague the existing literature. We provide compelling graphical evidence of taxable income responses, arguably representing the first nonparametrically identified evidence of taxable income elasticities using tax reforms. We a...
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作者：Dranove, David; Forman, Chris; Goldfarb, Avi; Greenstein, Shane
作者单位：Northwestern University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Toronto
摘要：We examine the heterogeneous relationship between the adoption of EMR and hospital operating costs at thousands of US hospitals between 1996 and 2009. We first document a previously-identified puzzle: Adoption of EMR is associated with a slight cost increase. Drawing on the literature on IT and productivity, we analyze why this average effect arises. We find that: (i) EMR adoption is initially associated with a rise in costs; (ii) EMR adoption at hospitals in IT-intensive locations leads to a ...
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作者：de Leon, Fernanda Leite Lopez; Rizzi, Renata
作者单位：University of East Anglia
摘要：This paper tests the rational ignorance hypothesis by Downs (1957). This theory predicts that people do not acquire costly information to educate their votes. We provide new estimates for the effect of voting participation by exploring the Brazilian dual voting system-voluntary and compulsory-whose exposure is determined by citizens' date of birth. Using a fuzzy RD approach and data from a self-collected survey, we find no impact of voting on individuals' political knowledge or information con...
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作者：Kerr, William R.; Lincoln, William F.; Mishra, Prachi
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Johns Hopkins University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：How is economic policy made? In this paper we study a key determinant of the answer to the question: lobbying by firms. Estimating a binary choice model of firm behavior, we find significant evidence for the idea that barriers to entry induce persistence in lobbying. The existence of these costs is further confirmed in studying how firms responded to a particular policy change: the expiration of legislation relating to the H-1B visa. Due to its influence on firm behavior, we argue that this pe...
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作者：Bosch, Mariano; Campos-Vazquez, Raymundo M.
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Colegio de Mexico
摘要：In 2002, the Mexican government began an effort to improve health access to the 50 million uninsured in Mexico, a program known as Seguro Popular (SP). The SP offered virtually free health insurance to informal workers, altering the incentives to operate in the formal economy. We find that the SP program had a negative effect on the number of employers and employees formally registered in small and medium firms (up to 50 employees). Our results suggest that the positive gains of expanding heal...
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作者：Davis, Lucas W.; Fuchs, Alan; Gertler, Paul
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank
摘要：This paper evaluates a large-scale appliance replacement program in Mexico that from 2009 to 2012 helped 1.9 million households replace their old refrigerators and air conditioners with energy-efficient models. Using household-level billing records from the universe of Mexican residential customers, we find that refrigerator replacement reduces electricity consumption by 8 percent, about one-quarter of what was predicted by ex ante analyses. Moreover, we find that air conditioning replacement ...
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作者：Cellini, Stephanie Riegg; Goldin, Claudia
作者单位：George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide the first comprehensive estimates of the size of the for-profit higher education sector and evaluate whether for-profits increase tuition in response to federal subsidies. By using state administrative data we include institutions that do not participate in federal student aid programs and are missed in official counts. Including these institutions doubles the number of for-profits and increases students by one-third compared with official counts. Aid-eligible institutions charge tu...
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作者：Li, Shanjun; Linn, Joshua; Muehlegger, Erich
作者单位：Cornell University; Resources for the Future; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Gasoline taxes can be employed to correct externalities from automobile use and to raise government revenue. Our understanding of the optimal gasoline tax and the efficacy of existing taxes is largely based on empirical analysis of consumer responses to gasoline price changes. In this paper, we examine directly how gasoline taxes affect gasoline consumption as distinct from tax-inclusive retail gasoline prices. We find robust evidence that consumers respond more strongly to gasoline tax change...
