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作者：Lleras-Muney, Adriana; Shertzer, Allison
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：We provide the first estimates of the effect of statutes requiring English as the language of instruction and compulsory schooling laws on the school enrollment, work, literacy, and English fluency of immigrant children during the Americanization period (1910-1930). English-only statutes moderately increased the literacy of certain foreign-born children, particularly those living in cities or whose parents were not fluent in English. However, these laws had no impact on immigrants' eventual la...
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作者：Abeler, Johannes; Jaeger, Simon
作者单位：University of Oxford; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Harvard University
摘要：How does complexity affect people's reaction to tax changes? To answer this question, we conduct an experiment in which subjects work for a piece rate and face taxes. One treatment features a simple tax system, the other a complex one. Subjects' economic incentives are identical across treatments. We introduce the same sequence of additional taxes in both treatments. Subjects in the complex treatment underreact to new taxes; some ignore new taxes entirely. The underreaction is stronger for sub...
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作者：Cadena, Brian C.; Keys, Benjamin J.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Chicago
摘要：In this paper, we examine the role of impatience in human capital formation-arguably the most important investment decision individuals make during their lifetimes. We focus on a set of investment behaviors that cannot be explained solely by variation in exponential discounting. Using data from the NLSY and a straightforward measure of impatience, we find that impatient people more frequently invest in dynamically inconsistent ways, such as dropping out of college with one year or less remaini...
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作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Southern California
摘要：Improving access to the formal health care sector is a primary public health goal in many low-income countries. But the returns to this access are unclear, given that the quality of care at public health facilities is often considered inadequate. We exploit temporal and geographic variation in the cost of traveling to formal sector health facilities to show that treatment at these facilities improves short-term health outcomes for acutely ill children in Tanzania. Our results suggest that thes...
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作者：Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude; Yuksel, Mutlu
作者单位：Dalhousie University
摘要：This paper examines the long-term direct and spillover effects of large-scale human capital loss caused by the persecution of Jewish professionals in Nazi Germany. Using region-by-cohort variation in the percentage of the Jewish population as a quasi-experiment, we find that German children who were at school-age during the persecutions have fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood. Moreover, these children are less likely to finish high school and go to college. These results are robu...
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作者：Benhassine, Najy; Devoto, Florencia; Duflo, Esther; Dupas, Pascaline; Pouliquen, Victor
作者单位：The World Bank; Paris School of Economics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have been shown to increase human capital investments, but their standard features make them expensive. We use a large randomized experiment in Morocco to estimate an alternative government-run program, a labeled cash transfer (LCT): a small cash transfer made to fathers of school-aged children in poor rural communities, not conditional on school attendance but explicitly labeled as an education support program. We document large gains in school participation....
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作者：Eriksen, Michael D.; Ross, Amanda
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; West Virginia University
摘要：We estimate the effect of increasing the supply of housing vouchers on rents using a panel of housing units in the American Housing Survey. We do not find that an increase in vouchers affected the overall price of rental housing but do estimate differences in effects based on an individual unit's rent before the voucher expansion. Our results are consistent with voucher recipients renting more expensive units after receiving the subsidy. We also find that the largest price increases were for u...
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作者：Novan, Kevin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Exploiting variation in the hourly production from wind turbines, this paper quantifies the heterogeneity in the marginal impact of renewable electricity on pollution. The results reveal that output from competing renewable capacity additions-e.g., wind turbines versus solar panels-provide different marginal external benefits. This finding suggests that, if governments continue to subsidize renewables, an emphasis should be placed on designing policies that internalize the heterogeneous benefi...
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作者：James, Alexander
作者单位：University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage
摘要：An analytical framework predicts that, in response to an exogenous increase in resource-based government revenue, a benevolent government will partially substitute away from taxing income, increase spending and save. Fifty-one years of US-state level data are largely consistent with this theory. A baseline fixed effects model predicts that a $1.00 increase in resource revenue results in a $0.25 decrease in nonresource revenue, a $0.43 increase in spending and a $0.32 increase in savings. Instr...
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作者：Hoopes, Jeffrey L.; Reck, Daniel H.; Slemrod, Joel
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We examine data on capital-gains-tax-related information search to determine when and how taxpayers acquire information. We find seasonal increases in information search around tax deadlines, suggesting that taxpayers seek information to comply with tax law. Positive correlations between stock market activity and search as well as year-end spikes in information search on capital losses when the market performs poorly suggest that taxpayers seek information for tax planning purposes. Policy cha...
