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作者：Vanden Eynde, Oliver; Kuhn, Patrick M.; Moradi, Alexander
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Durham University; University of Sussex; University of Oxford; Stellenbosch University
摘要：How does ethnic politics affect the state's ability to provide policing services? Using a panel of administrative personnel data on the full careers of 6,784 police officers, we show how the rise of ethnic politics around Kenya's independence influenced policemen's behavior. We find a significant deterioration in discipline after Kenya's first multiparty election for those police officers of ethnic groups associated with the ruling party. These effects are driven by a behavioral change among t...
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作者：Auerbach, Alan J.; Devereux, Michael P.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Oxford
摘要：We model the effects of cash-flow taxes, differing according to the location of the tax, on the behavior of a multinational producing and selling in two countries with three sources of economic rent: a fixed basic-production factor (located with initial production), mobile managerial skill, and a fixed final production factor (located with consumption). In general, governments face trade-offs in choosing between alternative taxes. A source-based cash-flow tax creates welfare-impairing producti...
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作者：Schmitt, Matt
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Hospitals in the United States increasingly belong to multihospital systems that operate in numerous geographic markets. A large literature in management and economics suggests that competition between firms may be softened as a result of multimarket contact-i.e., firms competing with one another in multiple markets simultaneously. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in multimarket contact generated by out-of-market consolidation, I find that increases in multimarket contact over the 2000...
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作者：Jackson, Kirabo; Makarin, Alexey
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University
摘要：Many websites now warehouse instructional materials designed to be taught by teachers in a traditional classroom. What are the potential benefits of the new resources? We analyze an experiment in which we randomly give middle school math teachers access to existing high-quality, off-the-shelf lessons, and in some cases, support to promote their use. Teachers receiving access alone increased students' math achievement by a marginally significant 0.06 of a standard deviation. Teachers who receiv...
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作者：Armour, Philip
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：This paper exploits a natural experiment in information provision on US Disability Insurance (DI) applications: the Social Security statement. Although the effect of the statement on DI application was negligible in the general health and retirement study population, among those previously reporting a work limitation, biennial DI application rates approximately doubled. This effect was driven by previously uninformed individuals. Additional analyses show these were new applicants and were no l...
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作者：Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Polyakova, Maria
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University
摘要：We explore how private drug plans set cost sharing in the context of Medicare Part D. While publicly provided drug coverage typically involves uniform cost sharing across drugs, we document substantial heterogeneity in the cost sharing for different drugs within privately provided plans. We also document that private plans systematically set higher consumer cost sharing for drugs or classes associated with more elastic demand; to do so, we estimate price elasticities of demand across more than...
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作者：Grigolon, Laura; Reynaert, Mathias; Verboven, Frank
作者单位：McMaster University; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; KU Leuven; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：To what extent do car buyers undervalue future fuel costs, and what does this imply for tax policy? To address both questions, we show it is crucial to account for consumer mileage heterogeneity. We use product-level data for a panel of European countries and exploit fuel cost variation by engine. Despite a modest undervaluation of fuel costs, fuel taxes are more effective in reducing fuel usage than product taxes. They also perform better in terms of welfare, even when usage demand is held fi...
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作者：Barr, Andrew; Turner, Sarah
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：For individuals who experience job loss, enrollment in postsecondary programs may provide an opportunity to improve future employment outcomes. However, decisions to enroll may be hampered by insufficient information about the benefits and costs and the necessary steps and assistance available to facilitate such investments. Using variation in the dissemination and timing of letters sent to Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients containing this information, we find that individuals sent the in...
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作者：Nordhaus, William
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Climate change remains one of the major international environmental challenges facing nations. Up to now, nations have adopted minimal policies to slow climate change. Moreover, there has been no major improvement in emissions trends as of the latest data. The current study uses the updated DICE model to develop new projections of trends and impacts of alternative climate policies. It also presents a new set of estimates of the uncertainties about future climate change and compares the results...
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作者：Kuziemko, Ilyana; Meckel, Katherine; Rossin-Slater, Maya
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Stanford University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Medicaid programs increasingly finance competing, capitated managed care plans rather than administering fee-for-service (FFS) programs. We study how the transition from FFS to managed care affects high- and low-cost infants (blacks and Hispanics, respectively). We find that black-Hispanic disparities widen-e.g., black mortality and preterm birth rates increase by 15 percent and 7 percent, respectively, while Hispanic mortality and preterm birth rates decrease by 22 percent and 7 percent, resp...
