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作者：Drupp, Moritz A.; Nesje, Frikk; Schmidt, Robert C.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; University of Hamburg; University of Copenhagen; Fern University Hagen
摘要：We study the variation of carbon price recommendations and their determinants using survey evidence from more than 400 experts across almost 40 countries. We quantify the extent of disagreement and reveal that a majority of experts can agree on short- and medium-term global carbon price levels, and on unilateral carbon price levels in most countries. The majority of recommendations do not exhibit a free riding pattern of lower unilateral than global carbon prices. Furthermore, border carbon ad...
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作者：Mucke, Christian; Pelizzon, Loriana; Pezone, Vincenzo; Thakor, Anjan
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Tilburg University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：We empirically examine the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) used by the US government to bail out distressed banks and its implications for regulatory policy. We find strong evidence that a feature of the CPP-the government's ability to appoint independent directors on the board of an assisted bank that missed six dividend payments to the Treasury-had a significant effect on bank behavior. Banks were averse to these appointments-the empirical distribution of missed payments exhibits a sharp disc...
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作者：Stevenson, Megan T.; Doleac, Jennifer L.
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：We evaluate the impacts of adopting algorithmic risk assessments in sentencing. We find that judges changed sentencing practices in response to the risk assessment, but that discretion played a large role in mediating its impact. Judges deviated from the recommendations associated with the algorithm in systematic ways, suggestive of alternative objectives. As a result, risk assessment did not lead to detectable gains in terms of public safety or reduced incarceration rates. Using simulations, ...
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作者：Ahrsjo, Ulrika; Niknami, Susan; Palme, Marten
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm University
摘要：We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decision-making. Our data contain information about demographic and socioeconomic indicators for defendants and randomly assigned jurors in a Swedish court. Our results show that defendants are 4 to 6 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if judged by one more juror belonging to the same identity-forming group. Moreover, they are given 10 percent shorter prison sentences. Socioeconomic background and demographic at...
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作者：Amior, Michael
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Better educated workers accept many more long-distance job offers, and relocate quicker following local shocks. I attribute this to a fundamental feature of their labor market experience, unrelated to geography: large returns to job match quality. If a good offer happens to originate from far away, the match surplus is then more likely to justify the cost of moving. This lubricates labor markets spatially. Using wage transition data (and a jobs ladder model), I show this can explain the bulk o...
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作者：Giannella, Eric; Homonoff, Tatiana; Rino, Gwen; Somerville, Jason
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Many government program applications result in procedural denials due to administrative burdens associated with applying. We identify the intake interview as a key barrier to take-up of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and study the effect of an alternative application process designed to reduce burdens. Using a field experiment involving 65,000 Los Angeles applicants, we find that access to flexible interviews initiated by the applicant increases approvals by 6 percentage points,...
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作者：Bacher-Hicks, Andrew; Billings, Stephen B.; Deming, David J.
作者单位：Boston University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Schools must balance student behavior management with the potential negatives of strict discipline. These policies can deter misbehavior but may stigmatize students and expose them to the criminal justice system early. We assess the impact of attending a strict discipline school on achievement, educational attainment, and adult criminal activity. Using data from a boundary change and principal switches, we find that higher suspension rates have significant negative long-term effects. Students ...
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作者：Imelda; Fripp, Matthias; Roberts, Michael J.
作者单位：Environmental Defense Fund; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii System
摘要：Solar and wind power are now cheaper than fossil fuels but are intermittent. The extra supply-side variability implies growing benefits of using real-time retail pricing (RTP). We evaluate the potential gains of RTP using a model that jointly solves investment, supply, storage, and demand to obtain a chronologically detailed dynamic equilibrium for the island of Oahu, Hawai'i. We find that, holding demand assumptions fixed, RTP reduces costs in high-renewable systems by roughly 6 to 12 times a...
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作者：Yang, Lin; Lin, Yatang; Wang, Jin; Peng, Fangyuan
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Hong Kong
摘要：Weak enforcement of environmental regulations remains a global issue due to inadequate monitoring and misaligned incentives. This paper examines the effects of automated monitoring on achieving air pollution control targets amidst China's war on pollution. Utilizing the staggered rollout process and remote-sensing data, we find local governments respond to the advanced monitoring system by strategically targeting areas near monitors, resulting in a 3.2 percent decrease in pollution adjacent to...
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作者：Heller, Sara B.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper provides evidence that information frictions limit the labor market trajectories of US youth. We provide credible skill signals-recommendation letters based on supervisor feedback-to a random subset of 43,409 participants in New York's summer jobs program. Letters increase employment the following year by 3 percentage points (4.5 percent). Earnings effects grow over four years to a cumulative $1,349 (4.9 percent). We find little evidence of increased job search or confidence; instea...
