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作者：Crafts, Nicholas; Mills, Terence C.
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of Warwick; Loughborough University
摘要：We investigate a structural model of demographic-economic interactions for England during 1570 to 1850. We estimate that the annual rate of population growth consistent with constant real wages was 0.4% before 1760 but 1.5% thereafter. We find that exogenous shocks increased population growth dramatically in the early decades of the Industrial Revolution. Simulations of our model show that if these demographic shocks had occurred before the Industrial Revolution the impact on real wages would ...
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作者：Lewbel, Arthur; Pendakur, Krishna
作者单位：Boston College; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We propose a model of consumption inefficiency in collective households. Inefficiency depends on a 'cooperation factor', which can also affect both the allocation of resources within a household and the utility of household members. Households are conditionally efficient, conditioning on the value of the cooperation factor. This lets us exploit convenient modelling features of efficient households (like not needing to specify the bargaining process), while still accounting for, and measuring t...
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作者：Franjo, Luis; Pouokam, Nathalie; Turino, Francesco
作者单位：Universitat d'Alacant; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper assesses the extent to which financial development and informality are related, and how this relation translates into differences in GDP and TFP across countries. To this end, we develop a quantitative life-cycle general equilibrium model of occupational choice with imperfect tax enforcement, in which informal entrepreneurs have no access to credit and face an endogenous probability of being caught for tax evasion. Our quantitative analysis shows that the degree of financial frictio...
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作者：Hefti, Andreas; Liu, Shuo; Schmutzler, Armin
作者单位：University of Zurich; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Peking University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Existing literature has argued that firms benefit from confusing consumers of homogeneous goods. This paper shows that this insight generally breaks down with differentiated goods and heterogeneous preferences: with polarised taste distributions, firms fully educate consumers. In cases where firms nevertheless confuse consumers, the welfare consequences are worse than for homogeneous goods, as consumers choose dominated options. Similar insights are also obtained for political contests, in whi...
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作者：Bajo-Buenestado, Raul; Borrella-Mas, Miguel Angel
作者单位：University of Navarra; Rice University; University of Navarra
摘要：A large body of literature has examined the impact of the horizontal market structure on the tax incidence on consumers. However, the extent to which the vertical market structure affects the tax pass-through-which might be particularly relevant in the presence of the double marginalisation problem-is an unexplored question. Using a confidential dataset of gas station contracts with a major Spanish refiner, in combination with their retail fuel prices and characteristics, we document that the ...
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作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Molina, Teresa; Nyshadham, Anant
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Enabling worker voice could improve worker retention and effort by providing workers the chance to improve their situation or an outlet to express discontent. We provide a test of this hypothesis via a randomised controlled trial in Indian garment factories. Just after what proved to be a disappointing wage hike, workers were chosen at random to participate in an anonymous survey in which they were asked for feedback on job conditions, supervisor performance and overall job satisfaction. Enabl...
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作者：Mokyr, Joel; Sankt, Assaf; van der Beek, Karine
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Haifa; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：This paper examines the effect of the early adoption of technology on the evolution of human capital and industrialisation. We argue that mechanical skills and competence were a main determinant of the location of industry on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. It concentrates on the case of millwrights, eighteenth-century specialists in advanced carpentry and hydraulic machinery. Millwrights were a key part of the upper tail of the distribution of mechanical abilities. Their emergence was d...
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作者：Hanlon, Walker; Jaworski, Taylor
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Can strengthening intellectual property protection for producers of one good affect innovation in other related goods? To answer this question, we exploit a unique policy experiment in the interwar military aircraft industry. Airframe designs had little intellectual property protection before 1926, but changes passed by Congress in 1926 provided airframe manufacturers with enhanced property rights over new designs. We show that granting property rights to airframe producers increased innovatio...
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作者：Fuchs-Schuendeln, Nicola; Krueger, Dirk; Ludwig, Alexander; Popova, Irina
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a structural life-cycle model, we quantify the heterogeneous impact of school closures during the corona crisis on children affected at different ages and coming from households with different parental characteristics. In the model, public investment through schooling is combined with parental time and resource investments in the production of child human capital at different stages in the children's development process. We quantitatively characterise the long-term consequences from a CO...
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作者：Forsythe, Eliza
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Recessions are known to be particularly damaging to young workers' employment outcomes. I find that during recessions the hiring rate falls faster for young workers than for more experienced workers. I show that this cannot be explained by the composition of jobs or workers' labour supply decisions, and I conclude that firms preferentially hire experienced workers during periods of high unemployment. I develop a new model of cyclical upgrading that relaxes the classic assumptions of exogenous ...
