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作者：Gangadharan, Lata; Grossman, Philip J.; Huang, Lingbo; Leister, C. Matthew; Xiao, Erte
作者单位：Shandong University; Monash University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Shandong University
摘要：We investigate how information about recipients' characteristics affects donors' giving as opposed to when no information is available. In a rational model in which information causes a donor to update their assessment of the recipient's deservingness, we introduce the idea that altruism can be 'persuadable' ('dissuadable') by information about positive (negative) characteristics. We report data from three experiments in which donors are provided information regarding three recipient character...
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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：A rich literature finds that individuals avoid information and suggests that avoidance is driven by image concerns. This paper provides the first direct test of whether individuals avoid information because of image concerns. We build on a classic paradigm, introducing control conditions that make minimal changes to eliminate the role of image concerns while keeping other key features of the environment unchanged. Data from 6,421 experimental subjects shows that image concerns play a role in d...
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作者：Kitchens, Carl T.; Rodgers, Luke P.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using variation in crop prices induced by large swings in demand surrounding World War I, we examine the fertility response to crop revenue increases from 1910 to 1930. Our estimates indicate that agricultural price increases reduced fertility, explaining about 9% of the overall decline in fertility over the period. The effect persists years after the collapse of the war boom. Importantly, we show that fertility declines were concentrated in farm women and fertility declined along intensive an...
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作者：Blasutto, Fabio; de la Croix, David
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Universite Catholique Louvain; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Censorship makes new ideas less available to others, but also reduces the number of people choosing to develop non-compliant ideas. We propose a new method to measure the effect of censorship on knowledge growth, accounting for the agents' choice between compliant and non-compliant occupations. We apply our method to the Catholic Church's censorship of books written by members of Italian universities and academies over the period 1400-750. We highlight new facts: once censorship was introduced...
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作者：Schildberg-Hoerisch, Hannah; Schwarz, Marco A.; Trieu, Chi; Willrodt, Jana
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. In a laboratory experiment, we study three quota rules in tournaments that favour individuals whose performance is low, either due to discrimination, low productivity, or choice of a short working time. Affirmative action favouring discriminated individuals is perceived as fairest, followed by that targeting individuals with a short working time, while favouring low-productivity individuals is not perceived as fairer than an absen...
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作者：Postel-Vinay, Fabien; Sepahsalari, Alireza
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Bristol
摘要：We combine information from the British Household Panel Study and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) to construct consistent time series of aggregate worker stocks, worker flows and earnings in the United Kingdom over the period 1992-2017. We propose a method to harmonise data between the British Household Panel Study and United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, which we validate by checking the consistency of some of our headline time ser...
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作者：Holmen, Martin; Holzmeister, Felix; Kirchler, Michael; Stefan, Matthias; Wengstrom, Erik
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Gothenburg; University of Innsbruck; Lund University; Hanken School of Economics
摘要：Based on artefactual field experiments, we investigate whether finance professionals differ from a sample of the working population in terms of industry-relevant preferences and personality traits. When adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, we find only few and less marked differences: finance professionals are less risk averse, less trustworthy, show higher levels of psychopathy and are more competitive than participants from the general population. In an additional survey, experts wit...
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作者：Konovalov, Arkady; Krajbich, Ian
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Zurich; University of Birmingham; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：People respond quickly when they have a clear preference and slowly when they are close to indifference. The question is whether others exploit this tendency to infer private information. In two-stage bargaining experiments, we observe that the speed with which buyers reject sellers' offers decreases with the size of the foregone surplus. This should allow sellers to infer buyers' values from response times, creating an incentive for buyers to manipulate their response times. We experimentally...
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作者：Oreopoulos, Philip; Petronijevic, Uros
作者单位：University of Toronto; York University - Canada
摘要：We present results from a five-year effort to design promising virtual coaching interventions to improve college student achievement. Across nearly 20,000 students at three campuses, we find some improvement on study time, but no effect on academic outcomes. We interpret the results with unique survey data and a model of student effort. Treated students learn that more effort is needed to attain good grades and develop stronger preferences for high grades, but these effects are too small to tr...
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作者：Autor, David; Figlio, David; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Roth, Jeffrey; Wasserman, Melanie
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Rochester; Emory University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We document that the female advantage in childhood behavioural and academic outcomes is driven by gender gaps at the extremes of the outcome distribution. Using unconditional quantile regression, we show that family socioeconomic status particularly influences boys' relative to girls' outcomes at the lower tails of the outcome distribution, precisely where gender gaps are most pronounced. These relationships are not explained by school or neighbourhood factors, or parents' differential treatme...
