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作者：Ahsan, Reshad N.; Panza, Laura; Song, Yong
作者单位：University of Melbourne
摘要：We use over 200 years of conflict and wheat price data to provide the first quantitative evidence that Atlantic trade reduced conflict in Europe. While other determinants of intra-European conflict during the Early to Late Modern period have been proposed, the role of Atlantic trade has not been previously explored due to a lack of historical trade data. We overcome this constraint by using wheat prices to calculate time-varying measures of price pass-through between Europe and the New World, ...
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作者：Elinder, Mikael; Erixson, Oscar
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：We investigate the relationship between intelligence and prosocial behaviour, using administrative data on cognitive ability, charitable giving, voting and possession of eco-friendly cars for 1.2 million individuals. We find strong positive associations for all three behaviours, which remain when using twin-pair fixed effects to account for confounders. We also find that general (fluid) intelligence is a stronger predictor than other dimensions of cognitive ability, and that most of the relati...
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作者：Sonno, Tommaso
作者单位：University of Bologna; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using a novel georeferenced dataset on the affiliates and headquarters of multinational enterprises between 2007 and 2018 together with georeferenced conflict data for the African continent, this work establishes a causal link between the activities of multinational enterprises and violent conflicts: multinational activity increases the number of conflicts. This particularly applies to sectors intense in scarce resources, especially land. As farming is the primary source of food and income for...
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作者：Ayerst, Stephen
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：To what extent do firm-level institutional distortions drive cross-country technology differences? I develop a quantitative model of technology adoption in which heterogeneous firms adopt technology depending on their underlying productivity and institutional environment. The institutional environment is represented by size-dependent firm-level wedges on revenues that distort firm decisions. The model is calibrated to match the US firm employment distribution and the average adoption length of...
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作者：Baselgia, Enea; Martinez, Isabel Z.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We use a novel rich-list dataset to estimate the sensitivity of the location choices of super-rich foreigners to a special tax regime, under which wealthy foreigners are taxed based on their living expenses, rather than their true income and wealth. We are the first to show that, when some Swiss cantons repealed this controversial policy, their stock of super-rich foreigners dropped by 43% as a consequence. We find no response for the Swiss super-rich, who were unaffected by the policy change....
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作者：Elinder, Mikael; Erixson, Oscar
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：We investigate the relationship between intelligence and prosocial behaviour, using administrative data on cognitive ability, charitable giving, voting and possession of eco-friendly cars for 1.2 million individuals. We find strong positive associations for all three behaviours, which remain when using twin-pair fixed effects to account for confounders. We also find that general (fluid) intelligence is a stronger predictor than other dimensions of cognitive ability, and that most of the relati...
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作者：Park, Junghum
作者单位：Bank of Lithuania; Vilnius University
摘要：This paper analyses overconfident strategic traders whose private information involves correlated errors. The analysis on the effects of two types of overconfidence-overconfidence in own signals and underconfidence in others' signals-provides richer implications than our typical understanding of overconfidence as follows. First, trading volume decreases (increases) with underconfidence in others' signals (overconfidence in own signals). Second, whereas overconfidence in own signals can explain...
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作者：Antinyan, Armenak; Asatryan, Zareh
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：Governments increasingly use nudges to improve tax collection. We synthesise the growing literature on nudging experiments using meta-analytical methods. We find that, relative to the baseline where about a quarter of taxpayers are compliant, simple reminders increase the probability of compliance by 2.7 percentage points, while tax morale and deterrence nudges increase compliance by an additional 1.4 and 3.2 percentage points. Our further results highlight the conditions where nudges are more...
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作者：Brehm, Paul; Saavedra, Martin
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Oberlin College; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：We estimate the effect of compulsory vaccination court decisions on anti-vaccine discourse and mortality. We measure anti-vaccine discourse using language in American newspapers. Using human-classified training data and machine learning techniques, we predict anti-vaccine discourse for nearly 48,000 newspaper pages. Staggered difference-in-differences estimates show that anti-vaccine discourse increased for a period of two years after pro-vaccine state-level Supreme Court decisions before retu...
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作者：Calvacanti, Tiago; Hasna, Zeina; Santos, Cezar
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Cambridge; Getulio Vargas Foundation; International Monetary Fund; University of Cambridge; Inter-American Development Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We evaluate the aggregate and distributional effects of climate change mitigation policies using a multi-sector equilibrium model with intersectoral input-output linkages and worker heterogeneity, calibrated to various countries. Carbon taxes induce changes in relative prices and input reallocation, notably in labour. In the United States, achieving its Paris Agreement commitment results in, at most, a 0.8% reduction in output, unevenly affecting different sectors and individuals. Some workers...
