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作者：Houmark, Mikkel Aagaard; Ronda, Victor; Agerbo, Esben; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Rosholm, Michael
作者单位：Aarhus University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Socioeconomic status gaps in academic achievement are well documented. We show that a very similar gap exists with respect to genetic differences measured by a polygenic score for educational attainment. The genetic gap increases during elementary school, but only among low-socioeconomic-status children. Consequently, high-polygenic-score children experience the largest achievement growth over the school years, even if they are born in socioeconomic disadvantage. While the socioeconomic status...
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作者：Hagenbach, Jeanne; Kranton, Rachel
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Duke University
摘要：Can competition or cooperation for economic gain affect people's social perceptions of others? This paper experimentally examines this possible link from the economic to the social realm. Subjects engage in a task facing either a tournament or a cooperative pay scheme, after which subjects are asked their social perceptions of their counterparts in the task-how similar they are and how much they have in common. The pay schemes do not affect answers to the subjective similarity measure, but sig...
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作者：Cinnirella, Francesco; Hornung, Erik; Koschnick, Julius
作者单位：University of Bergamo; University of Cologne; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：Economic societies emerged during the late eighteenth century. We argue that these institutions reduced the costs of accessing useful knowledge by adopting, producing and diffusing new ideas. Combining location information for the universe of 3,300 members across active economic societies in Germany with those of patent holders and World's Fair exhibitors, we show that regions with more members were more innovative in the late nineteenth century. This long-lasting effect of societies arguably ...
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作者：Calamunci, Francesca; Lonsky, Jakub
作者单位：Sapienza University Rome; University of Edinburgh; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：The necessity to overhaul national infrastructure has become one of the key issues of US domestic policy in recent years. While the benefits of infrastructure spending are often straightforward, its unintended consequences are less well understood. This paper studies the impact of transportation infrastructure on local crime, focusing on the construction of the Interstate Highway System, the largest public works project in US history. Using a staggered difference-in-differences design and a co...
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作者：Janes, Laurin; Koelle, Michael; Quinn, Simon
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Imperial College London
摘要：Do capital grants improve microenterprise productivity? We use the lens of a production function to re-examine two previous randomised controlled trials that allocated capital to microenterprises. We find that productivity is higher for treated firms, and accounts for about 20%-30% of the revenue effects of capital grants. Although long-run estimates are noisy, point estimates indicate that these productivity effects are sustained six years after the grants. We explore possible mechanisms for ...
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作者：Baselgia, Enea; Martinez, Isabel Z.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We use a novel rich-list dataset to estimate the sensitivity of the location choices of super-rich foreigners to a special tax regime, under which wealthy foreigners are taxed based on their living expenses, rather than their true income and wealth. We are the first to show that, when some Swiss cantons repealed this controversial policy, their stock of super-rich foreigners dropped by 43% as a consequence. We find no response for the Swiss super-rich, who were unaffected by the policy change....
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作者：Dong, Lu; Huang, Lingbo; Lien, Jaimie W.
作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Shandong University
摘要：A meritocratic fairness ideal typically asserts that income inequality is justifiable if it arises from differences in performance rather than mere luck. In this study, we present experimental evidence that reveals how merit judgements are influenced by the sources of performance differentials, while holding fixed the underlying impact on incentives to perform. Drawing inspiration from real-world factors that create inequality, we investigate unequal opportunities in education and employment t...
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作者：Girard, Victoire; Molina-Millan, Teresa; Vic, Guillaume
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universite de Orleans; Universitat d'Alacant; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM)
摘要：The livelihoods of 130 to 270 million people depend on artisanal mining. Artisanal mining is a labour-intensive, often illegal, extractive activity. We combine geological knowledge and a source of exogenous temporal variation to construct the first proxy for artisanal gold mining in Africa-the main form of artisanal mining. We establish that an increase in the potential value of artisanal mining is a significant driver of deforestation. The historical increase in the gold price accounts for 8%...
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作者：Conte, Bruno; Desmet, Klaus; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Southern Methodist University; University of Chicago
摘要：Using a multi-sector dynamic spatial integrated assessment model, we argue that a carbon tax introduced by the European Union and rebated locally can, if not too large, increase the size of Europe's economy by concentrating economic activity in its high-productivity non-agricultural core and by incentivising immigration to the European Union. The resulting change in the spatial distribution of economic activity improves global efficiency and welfare. A carbon tax introduced by the United State...
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作者：Abeler, Johannes; Falk, Armin; Kosse, Fabian
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Bonn; University of Wurzburg
摘要：Reporting private information is a key part of economic decision-making. A recent literature has found that many people have a preference for honest reporting, contrary to usual economic assumptions. In this paper, we investigate whether preferences for honesty are malleable and what determines them. We experimentally measure preferences for honesty in a sample of children. As our main result, we provide causal evidence on the effect of the social environment by randomly enrolling children in ...
