-
作者：Bourguignon, F; Morrisson, C
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：This paper suggests major factors in country differences in income distribution largely overlooked in the literature on inequality and development. They concern the extent of economic dualism, as proxied macroeconomically by the relative labour productivity of non-agricultural sectors vs. agriculture and related variables. The result is robust with respect to both the composition of the sample, the observation period and inclusion of country fixed effects, in marked contrast to what happens wh...
-
作者：Fafchamps, M; Udry, C; Czukas, K
作者单位：Stanford University; Northwestern University
摘要：Households in the West African semi-arid tropics (WASAT) face substantial risk-an inevitable consequence of engaging in rainfed agriculture in a drought-prone environment, It has long been hypothesized that these households keep livestock as a buffer stock to insulate their consumption from income fluctuations. This paper tests this hypothesis. Results indicate that livestock transactions play less of a consumption smoothing role than often assumed. Livestock sales compensate for at most thirt...
-
作者：Duo, Q
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：This paper investigates the disequilibrium effects of a number of institutional factors on the aggregate money demand behaviour of three Asian economies: Japan, Korea and Singapore. It identifies these institutional factors with strong government interventions through monetary or fiscal policies. The investigation is carried out through progressive model search following the equilibrium-correction modelling (ECM) approach. The findings confirm to the arguments that undesirable empirical result...
-
作者：Funk, P
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：In this article we show how absolute poverty and per capita growth can be sustained simultaneously in a fully integrated world economy. Poverty persists due to an endogenously sustained bias in the direction of technological change. We show in an example framework, that if free trade is opened up too early between an initially less developed and a more developed country, then part of the population of the initially less advanced country is caught in a poverty trap. If, on the other hand, indiv...
-
作者：Li, TY; Zhang, JS
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper presents a theoretical model and shows that greater distributional equality decreases individuals' returns to education. The evidence from a production team in 1977 and the rural household farming in 1990, both in China, lends support for the model. Production team did not reward most members' (especially for those with higher work points such as the married and males) education during most of their lifetimes in distributing work points and labor income. However, under the household...
-
作者：Hoff, K; Stiglitz, JE
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; The World Bank; Stanford University
摘要：In many areas of the world, a significant part of the cost of obtaining a good or service is the cost of enforcing the contracts entailed in its provision. Pie present models of markets with endogenous enforcement costs, motivated by studies of rural credit markets. We show that subsidies may have perverse effects under monopolistic competition, increasing prices or inducing exit. Higher prices (interest rates) result from the loss of scale economies or from negative externalities among suppli...
-
作者：McCarthy, N; de Janvry, A; Sadoulet, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Households typically have to decide on following the resources which they control between individualized activities where there is common access. In this case, the ability to cooperate in the management of common access resources determines the relative profitability of the two resource bundles, hence, affecting the allocation of resources held by households to one or the other. The Mexican social sector is of this type, with land under individual jurisdiction allocated to either crops or past...
-
作者：Funkhouser, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：I document patterns in the returns to education in Costa Rica from 1976 to 1992. The most important change during this period was that from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the return to education fell by about one-fourth, I construct demand and supply indices within a fixed manpower requirements framework to estimate demand and supply shifts. I find a significantly positive relationship between measures of demand for education and a significantly negative relationship between measures of supp...
