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作者：Chui, M; Levine, P; Pearlman, J
作者单位：Bank of England; University of Surrey; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; London Metropolitan University
摘要：The paper examines the welfare gains from North-South trade and their distribution. We construct an endogenous growth North-South model with four Southern stages of development as possible equilibria: specialisation in a traditional good; the South, in addition, copies Northern high-tech manufactured goods; the South begins to innovate in its own right; and finally, a stage in which the South only innovates, as in the North. We use this model to show that dynamic gains from trade and from Sout...
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作者：Frankel, JA; Fajnzylber, E; Schmukler, SL; Servén, L
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Credibility and transparency are at the core of the current debate on exchange rate regimes. Among the reasons why intermediate regimes have fallen out of favor, a possibly important one is that they are not transparent: it is difficult to verify them. This paper investigates how difficult it is for investors to verify from observable data if the authorities are in fact following the exchange rate regime that they claim to be following. Of the various intermediate regimes, we focus on the case...
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作者：Shively, GE
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This paper studies the impact of poverty and uninsured consumption risk on incentives to invest in soil conservation. A stochastic dynamic model is used to show how consumption risks and costs of investment influence incentives to adopt soil conservation measures on low-income farms. The model is calibrated using production data from hillside farms in the Philippines. Simulations with the model demonstrate how the value of soil conservation depends on the cost of investing, the risk characteri...
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作者：Grether, JM; de Melo, J; Olarreaga, M
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Neuchatel; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Using a political economy approach, we analyze the pattern of Mexican manufacturing tariff protection during the period of trade policy reforms. Between 1985 and 1990, Mexico experienced both important inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and a significant trade liberalization. The approach incorporates the effects of FDI lobbying on tariff formation. Results support the proposed approach in which the presence of FDI has a strong influence on the determination of the pattern of protectio...
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作者：Hansen, H; Tarp, F
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between foreign aid and growth in real GDP per capita as it emerges from simple augmentations of popular cross-country growth specifications. It is shown that aid in all likelihood increases the growth rate, and this result is not conditional on 'good' policy. There are, however, decreasing returns to aid, and the estimated effectiveness of aid is highly sensitive to the choice of estimator and the set of control variables. When investment and human capital...
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作者：Block, SA
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：This paper extends the analysis of African economic growth in two directions: first by challenging the assumption that growth effects of particular explanatory variables are the same in Africa as elsewhere; and second, by measuring indirect contributions to growth of initial conditions as they influence explanatory variables in a basic growth regression. Robust regression analysis shows that for Africa, being closed to trade is more costly to growth, natural resource abundance is more detrimen...
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作者：Dessy, SE; Pallage, S
作者单位：Laval University; Laval University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：In this note, we show that a technology-based coordination failure may explain the emergence of laws restricting child labor. Child labor may arise because of the lack of a coordination mechanism between parental decisions to invest in the human capital of their children and firms' decisions to invest in skill-biased technologies. Legislative intervention in many cases helps coordinate expectations towards a Pareto-superior outcome with investments both in human capital and in skill-biased tec...
