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作者：de la Brière, B; Sadoulet, E; de Janvry, A; Lambert, S
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; INRAE
摘要：Two non-exclusive hypotheses about what motivates remittances sent by Dominican migrants to their rural parents in the Sierra are tested: (a) an insurance contract taken by parents with their migrant children and (b) an investment by migrants in potential bequests. Results show that the relative importance of these two motives to remit is affected by destination (US vs. cities in the Dominican Republic), gender, and household composition. The insurance function is mainly fulfilled by female mi...
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作者：Schmukler, SL; Servén, L
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Currency risk is one of the two components of the total interest rate differential. Hard pegs, such as currency boards, are meant to reduce or even eliminate currency risk, thus, reducing domestic interest rates. This paper investigates the patterns and determinants of the currency risk premium in two currency boards-Argentina and Hong Kong. Despite the presumed rigidity of currency boards, the currency premium is almost always positive and at times very large. Its term structure is usually up...
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作者：Cashin, P; McDermott, CJ; Scott, A
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Reserve Bank of New Zealand; Bank of England
摘要：This paper examines the duration and magnitude of cycles in world commodity prices. Cycles are a dominant feature of commodity prices, and dealing with the economic consequences of booms and slumps in prices continues to be one of the most challenging issues facing policymakers in commodity-exporting developing countries. We find that there is an asymmetry in commodity price cycles, as price slumps last longer than price booms. How far prices fall in a slump is found to be slightly larger than...
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作者：Martínez, L; Werner, A
作者单位：Bank of Mexico
摘要：This paper analyzes the effect that the change from a fixed to a floating exchange rate regime that took place in Mexico in December 1994 had on the currency composition of corporate debt. In particular, the paper asks whether a fixed exchange rate regime biases corporate borrowing towards foreign currency due to an implicit exchange rate guarantee given by the government. Therefore, under a predetermined regime, firms will not fully internalize their exchange rate risk and will be more likely...
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作者：Schweinberger, AG
作者单位：University of Konstanz
摘要：The possibility of transfer paradoxes or immiserizing growth in tariff ridden, small, open, developing countries with a nontraded goods sector is analysed in four models: a (short-run) sector-specific factor model, a dual economy model (capital is mobile between some but not all sectors), a long-run model (factors are mobile between all sectors) and a model with public goods. Several results of the received literature on transfer paradoxes and/or immiserizing growth in distorted small open eco...
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作者：Brasselle, AS; Gaspart, F; Platteau, JP
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：The commonsense logic associating higher land security and higher incentives to invest has been recently called into question in the case of African agriculture. To be meaningful, empirical tests have to be carefully designed so as to take account of the possible endogeneity of the land rights variable. This is done in this paper by applying suitable econometric methods to the original data collected in Burkina Faso. The results obtained cast doubt on the existence of a systematic influence of...
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作者：Ahituv, A; Kimhi, A
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper analyzes two principal simultaneous decisions of farm operators: off-farm labor supply and farm capital investment. We first develop a theoretical model analyzing the effects of exogenous shocks on farmers' decisions. Then, we estimate jointly a multinomial probit model of farmers' off-farm labor supply and a switching regression model of farm capital, using a two-period panel data set from Israel. This method enables to account for both unobserved heterogeneity and structural state...
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作者：Ray, I; Williams, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Illegal water diversions and lax rule-enforcement are common on irrigation canals. We present a mathematical programming model of a watercourse, calibrated to a canal in Maharashtra on which farmers voted to cooperate to control water theft. The model solution computes the crop choices and profits of individually optimizing farmers who differ in their location. It reveals the spatial distribution of gains and losses from cooperation. It illuminates why voluntary bargaining will rarely achieve ...
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作者：Gustafsson, B; Shi, L
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
摘要：Using household data from samples covering 18 provinces in 1988 and 1995, income inequality within and between counties in rural China is assessed. The approach enables us to aggregate average income and income inequality to the levels of provinces and the three regions comprising eastern, central and western China. Most of income inequality in rural China in 1995 was found to be spatial and the uneven development of mean income across counties stood for most, but not all, of the rapid increas...
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作者：Hammer, J; Jack, W
作者单位：The World Bank; Georgetown University
摘要：In many developing country settings, and particularly in rural areas, the implementation of anything more than very rudimentary contracts for medical care providers, including public employees, is virtually impossible. In this paper, we examine the kinds of policy levers that governments might conceivably have available to induce physicians to serve in rural areas. Using simple models of screening and spatial competition, we investigate how the government can sort between physicians with low a...
