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作者：Ravallion, Martin; Chen, Shaohua
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：While the incidence of extreme poverty fell dramatically in China over 1980-2001, progress was uneven over time and across provinces. Rural areas accounted for the bulk of the gains to the poor, though migration to urban areas helped. Rural economic growth was far more important to national poverty reduction than urban economic growth; agriculture played a far more important role than the secondary or tertiary sources of GDP. Taxation of farmers and inflation hurt the poor; local government sp...
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作者：Ahlin, Christian; Bose, Pinaki
作者单位：University of Memphis; Vanderbilt University
摘要：We examine bribery in a dynamic setting with a partially honest bureaucracy. The presence of honest officials lowers the bribe that a corrupt official can extract from efficient applicants. Consequently, efficient applicants may face delays in receiving licenses, or may never receive licenses, as inefficient applicants are serviced ahead of them. An increase in the proportion of honest officials, while directly increasing the incidence of socially optimal decisions, can also induce greater ine...
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作者：Chambers, Dustin
作者单位：University System of Maryland; Salisbury University
摘要：Using a broad panel dataset and semiparametric methods, the impact of past economic growth on current income inequality is examined. Increases in past short-run or medium-run growth rates raise current inequality. However, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between past long-run growth and current inequality. Increases in past long-run growth rates raise current inequality in slow-growing economies and reduce current inequality in rapidly growing economies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All r...
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作者：Iyigun, Murat; Walsh, Randall P.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We present a microeconomic model of the household in which there exists no difference in spousal preferences but childrearing is more time costly for women. Bargaining between the wife and the husband forms the basis of household decisions. Marital bargaining power is determined according to the incomes of the spouses, which in turn help to determine their reservation utility levels outside the marriage. The endogeneity of bargaining power introduces a non-cooperative element to the couples' d...
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作者：Fisher-Vanden, Karen; Ho, Mun S.
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：A large percentage of total investment in China is allocated by the central government at below-market interest rates in pursuit of non-economic objectives. This has resulted in low rates of return and a high number of non-performing loans, threatening the future health of the Chinese economy. As a result, reform of capital markets is a high priority of the Chinese government. At the same time, the country is implementing various environmental policies to deal with serious pollution issues. In...
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作者：Van, Phu Nguyen; Azomahou, Theophile
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CY Cergy Paris Universite; Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg
摘要：We use a panel data set of 59 developing countries over the 1972-1994 period to study the deforestation process. Relying on both parametric and semiparametric models, we examine nonlinearities and heterogeneity in the deforestation process. We first study the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and then analyze determinants of deforestation. Our data sample provides no evidence of an EKC. We also find that political institution failures may worsen the deforestation process in dev...
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作者：Tarui, Nori
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Using a dynamic intergenerational game, this paper analyzes the effects of inequality among resource users and their access to outside markets and credit on cooperative use of a local commons. The study finds that, depending on the agents' harvest sharing rule, the conditions under which homogeneous agents can cooperate in equilibrium may not be sufficient for cooperation when agents differ in harvesting productivity. The resource users' access to outside markets or credit may have a negative ...
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作者：Estevan, Fernanda; Baland, Jean-Mane
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; University of Namur
摘要：in this paper, we investigate the role of young adult mortality on child labor and educational decisions. We argue that mortality risks are a major source of risks in returns to education in developing countries. We show that, in the absence of appropriate insurance mechanisms, the level of child labor is inefficient, but it can be too high or too low. It is too high when parents are not very altruistic and anticipate positive transfers from their children in the future. Uncertain returns to e...
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作者：Elbers, Chris; Fujii, Tomoki; Lanjouw, Peter; Oezler, Berk; Yin, Wesley
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Chicago; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Singapore Management University
摘要：In this paper, we employ recently completed poverty maps for three countries as tools for an ex ante evaluation of the distributional incidence of geographic targeting of public resources. We simulate the impact on poverty of transferring an exogenously given budget to geographically defined sub-groups of the population according to their relative poverty status. We find large gains from targeting smaller administrative units, such as districts or villages. However, these gains are still far f...
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作者：Mckenzie, David; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：The World Bank; Universite de Lille; Bar Ilan University; Stanford University
摘要：International migration is costly and initially only the middle class of the wealth distribution may have both the means and incentives to migrate, which can increase inequality in the sending community. However, the migration networks formed lower the costs for future migrants, which can in turn lower inequality. This paper shows both theoretically and empirically that wealth has a nonlinear effect on migration, and then examines the empirical evidence for an inverse U-shaped relationship bet...
