-
作者：McAusland, Carol; Kuhn, Peter
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We introduce international mobility of knowledge workers into a model of Nash equilibrium IPR policy choice among countries. We show that governments have incentives to use IPRs in a bidding war for global talent, resulting in Nash equilibrium IPRs that can be too high, rather than too low, from a global welfare perspective. These incentives become stronger as developing countries grow in size and wealth, thus allowing them to prevent the 'poaching' of their 'brains' by larger, wealthier marke...
-
作者：Bown, Chad P.; Tovar, Patricia
作者单位：The World Bank; Brandeis University; Brandeis University
摘要：This paper is the first to use product-level data to examine empirically whether countries use antidumping and safeguard exceptions to unwind commitments to lower tariffs in the face of domestic political-economic pressure. We focus on the case of India, a country that underwent a major exogenous tariff reform program in the early 1990s and subsequently initiated substantial use of safeguard and antidumping import restrictions. We first estimate structural determinants of India's import protec...
-
作者：Ilzetzki, Ethan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Recent research has demonstrated that while government expenditures are countercyclical in most industrialized countries, they tend to be procyclical in developing countries. We develop a dynamic political-economy model to explain this phenomenon. In the model, public expenditures provide insurance to uninsured households, and optimal fiscal policy is countercyclical. The introduction of a political friction, in which successive governments disagree on the desired distribution of public spendi...
-
作者：Gibson, John; McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Waikato
摘要：A unique survey which tracks worldwide the best and brightest academic performers from three Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of these migration choices. Although we estimate that the income gains from migration are very large, not everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of highly skilled individuals the emigration decision is found to be mos...
-
作者：Javorcik, Beata S.; Spatareanu, Mariana
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Newark
摘要：This study uses firm-level panel data from Romania to examine whether the origin of foreign investors affects the degree of vertical spillovers from FDI. Investors' origin may matter for spillovers to domestic producers supplying intermediate inputs in two ways. First, the share of intermediates sourced locally by multinationals is likely to increase with the distance between the host and the source economy. Second, the sourcing pattern is likely to be affected by preferential trade agreements...
-
作者：Beine, Michel; Docquier, Frederic; Oezden, Caglar
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain; Universite Catholique Louvain; The World Bank
摘要：Migration flows are shaped by a complex combination of self-selection and out-selection mechanisms, both of which are affected by the presence of a diaspora abroad. In this paper, we analyze how existing diasporas (the stock of people born in a country and living in another one) affect the size and human-capital structure of current bilateral migration flows. Our analysis exploits a bilateral data set on international migration by educational attainment from 195 countries to 30 OECD countries ...
-
作者：Weinberg, Bruce A.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Establishing a strong scientific community is important as countries develop and requires both producing and retaining of important scientists. We show that developing countries produce a sizeable number of important scientists, but that they experience a tremendous brain drain. Education levels, population, and per capita GDP are positively related to the number of important scientists born in and staying in a country. Our analysis indicates that democracy and urbanization are associated with...
-
作者：Abdulai, Awudu; Owusu, Victor; Goetz, Renan
作者单位：University of Kiel; Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology; Universitat de Girona
摘要：This article develops a theoretical framework to examine the relationship between land tenure arrangements and households' investment in soil-improving and conservation measures. It then analyzes this relationship with a multivariate probit model based on detailed plot-level data from villages in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. A major hypothesis tested is that investment in productivity-enhancing and conservation techniques are influenced by land tenure arrangements. The theoretical analysis...
-
作者：Filmer, Deon; Schady, Norbert
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：There is considerable evidence that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs can have large impacts on school enrollment, including in very poor countries. However, little is known about what features of program design account for the observed outcomes. In this paper we analyze the impact of a program in Cambodia that made payments of varying magnitude to otherwise comparable households. The identification is based on a sharp regression discontinuity design. We find that a modest cash transfer...
-
作者：Grogger, Jeffrey; Hanson, Gordon H.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：Two prominent features of international labor movements are that the more educated are more likely to emigrate (positive selection) and more educated migrants are more likely to settle in destination countries with high rewards to skill (positive sorting). Using data on emigrant stocks by schooling level and source country in OECD destinations, we find that a simple model of income maximization can account for both phenomena. Results on selection show that migrants for a source-destination pai...
