-
作者：Lee, Jong-Wha; Lee, Hanol
作者单位：Korea University
摘要：This study presents new data sets on long-run enrollment ratios, educational attainment, and human capital stock measures for numerous countries. We construct a complete data set of historical enrollment ratios, subdivided by education level and gender, for 111 countries from 1820 to 1945 (at five-year intervals) by using newly compiled census observations and information on the year of establishment of the oldest school in individual countries. Then, by utilizing these enrollment ratios, as w...
-
作者：Paunov, Caroline
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper documents the impacts of corruption on smaller- and larger-sized firms' adoption of quality certificates and patents. Using firm-level data for 48 developing and emerging countries, I analyze whether corruption's impacts are stronger on firms operating in industries that use quality certificates and patents more intensively. My results show that corruption reduces the likelihood that firms in these industries obtain quality certificates. Corruption affects particularly smaller firms...
-
作者：Couttenier, Mathieu; Hatte, Sophie
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Lausanne
摘要：Globalization has raised concerns that multinational firms develop commercial activities at the expense of the environment or human rights, especially in developing countries. As firms' practices are not fully observable by stakeholders, NGOs have applied pressure on firms by organizing information campaigns. This paper studies how media coverage affects how effective NGOs are in monitoring firms. We make use of large media shocks, generated by big sports events, that crowd out media coverage ...
-
作者：Baland, Jean-Marie; Munshi, Kaivan
作者单位：University of Namur; University of Cambridge
-
作者：Kersting, Erasmus K.; Kilby, Christopher
摘要：This paper investigates how World Bank lending responds to upcoming elections in borrowing countries. We find that investment project loans disburse faster when countries are aligned with the United States in the UN. Moreover, disbursement accelerates in the run-up to competitive executive elections if the government is geopolitically aligned with the U.S. but decelerates if the government is not. These disbursement patterns are consistent with global electioneering that serves U.S. foreign po...
-
作者：Matsen, Egil; Natvik, Gisle J.; Torvik, Ragnar
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); BI Norwegian Business School; Norges Bank
摘要：We aim to explain petro populism - the excessive use of oil revenues to buy political support. To reap the full gains of natural resource income, politicians need to remain in office over time. Hence, even a rent-seeking incumbent who prioritizes his own welfare above that of citizens, will want to provide voters with goods and services if it promotes his probability of remaining in office. While this incentive benefits citizens under the rule of rent-seekers, it adversely motivates benevolent...
-
作者：Mitton, Todd
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：I study determinants of economic development in a new dataset covering 1867 subnational regions from 101 countries, focusing on within-country effects of geography and institutions. Several geographic factors have significant explanatory power for within-country differences in per-capita GDP, including terrain ruggedness, tropical climate, ocean access, temperature range, storm risk, and natural resources such as oil, diamonds, or iron. Institutions have a significant positive effect on income...
-
作者：Mookherjee, D.; Motta, A.
作者单位：Boston University; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We provide a theoretical analysis of effects of entry of a microfinance institution (MFI) into an informal credit market which is segmented, whereby informal lenders derive some market power owing to privileged information concerning borrower-specific default risks. Relative to informal lenders, the ME has a cost advantage and an informational disadvantage regarding borrower risk. Borrowers differ along another dimension: landholding, which is observable to all lenders. MFI entry is shown to i...
-
作者：Godlonton, Susan; Okeke, Edward N.
作者单位：Williams College; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：Informal health providers ranging from drug vendors to traditional healers account for a large fraction of health care provision in developing countries. They are, however, largely unlicensed and unregulated leading to concern that they provide ineffective and, in some cases, even harmful care. A new and controversial policy tool that has been proposed to alter household health seeking behavior is an outright ban on these informal providers. The theoretical effects of such a ban are ambiguous....
-
作者：Cosar, A. Kerem; Demir, Banu
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：Drawing on the large-scale public investment in roads undertaken in Turkey during the 2000s, this paper contributes to our understanding of how internal transportation infrastructure affects regional access to international markets. Using data on international trade of Turkish provinces and the change in the capacity of the roads connecting them to the international gateways of the country, we estimate the distance elasticity of trade associated with roads of varying capacity. Three key result...
