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作者：Gulati, Namrata; Ray, Tridip
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi; South Asian University (SAU)
摘要：This paper investigates how neighbourhood effects interacting with income inequality affect poor people's ability to access basic facilities like health care services, schooling, and so on. We model this interaction by integrating consumers' income distribution with the spatial distribution of their location and explore the consequences of an increase in income inequality or variations in the neighbourhood characteristics on the welfare of the rich and poor in general, and their access to mark...
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作者：Chau, Nancy H.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper argues that while rooting out sweatshop conditions raises unemployment, the potential gains include an increase in decent work employment, a pro-worker shift in distribution, and an improvement in overall efficiency. In a search model of employment inspired by firm- and household-level evidence about the harm that sweatshop conditions pose to workers' capability to be productive at work and to be vertically mobile, this paper unpacks the irony of job losses and efficiency gains by e...
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作者：Goodspeed, Tyler Beck
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：The Great Famine of Ireland from 1845 to 51 ranks as one of the most lethal of all time, claiming approximately one eighth of the country's population. Utilizing Famine Relief Commission reports to develop a micro-level dataset of blight severity, I find that in the short run, districts more severely infected by blight experienced larger population declines and accumulations of buffer livestock by small-to medium-sized farms. In the medium and long runs, however, worse affected districts exper...
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作者：Morey, Mitchell
作者单位：American Institutes for Research
摘要：Why is there less observed trade than is predicted by neoclassical trade models? A home bias in consumption due to preferences can partially explain this. Using data from a randomly assigned auction mechanism and survey conducted in Madagascar, respondents' willingness to pay for rice of varying quality and origin is investigated. By imposing a novel structure on traditional valuation collection methods, one finds that consumers will pay approximately 8% more for home-grown rice. The key resul...
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作者：Agener, Pierre-Richard
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Manchester
摘要：This paper analyzes how low-income countries should optimally respond, through fiscal policy, to commodity price shocks. The model accounts for imperfect access to world capital markets and a variety of externalities associated with public infrastructure, including utility benefits, a direct complementarity effect with private investment, and reduced distribution costs. However, public capital is also subject to congestion and absorption constraints, with the latter affecting the efficiency of...
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作者：de Quidt, Jonathan; Fetzer, Thiemo; Ghatak, Maitreesh
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper contrasts individual liability lending with and without groups to joint liability lending. We are motivated by an apparent shift away from the use of joint liability by microfinance institutions, combined with recent evidence that a) converting joint liability groups to individual-liability groups did not affect repayment rates, and b) an intervention that increased social capital in individual liability borrowing groups led to improved repayment performance. First, we show that ind...
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作者：Lagerlof, Nils-Petter
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：This paper studies coercive labor institutions in a Malthusian framework, where class is hereditary: children born by free workers are free, while children of slaves are the property of their parents' masters. When productivity increases in an urban and slave-free sector, and more free workers migrate there, slave owners respond by feeding slaves better to increase their reproduction, and thus replace migrating free workers with the slaves' offspring. As as result, slaves are made better off i...
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作者：Besley, Timothy; Leight, Jessica; Pande, Rohini; Rao, Vijayendra
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Williams College; Harvard University; The World Bank
摘要：Agricultural tenancy reforms have been widely enacted, but evidence on their long-run impact remains limited. In this paper, we provide such evidence by exploiting the quasi-random assignment of linguistically similar areas to different South Indian states that subsequently varied in tenancy regulation policies. Given imperfect credit markets, the impact of tenancy reform should vary by household wealth status, allowing us to exploit historic caste-based variation in landownership. Thirty year...
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作者：Araujo, Juliana D.; Li, Bin Grace; Poplawski-Ribeiro, Marcos; Zanna, Luis -Felipe
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：The permanent income hypothesis implies that frictionless open economies with exhaustible natural resources should save abroad most of their resource windfalls and, therefore, feature current account surpluses. Resource rich developing countries (RRDCs), on the other hand, face substantial development needs and tight external borrowing constraints. By relaxing these constraints and providing a key financing source for public investment, resource windfalls might then be associated with current ...
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作者：Higgins, Sean; Lustig, Nora
作者单位：Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：To analyze anti-poverty policies in tandem with the taxes used to pay for them, comparisons of poverty before and after taxes and transfers are often used. We show that these comparisons, as well as measures of horizontal equity and progressivity, can fail to capture an important aspect: that a substantial proportion of the poor are made poorer (or non-poor made poor) by the tax and transfer system. We illustrate with data from seventeen developing countries: in fifteen, the fiscal system is p...
