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作者：Barrot, Luis-Diego; Calderon, Cesar; Serven, Luis
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper reassesses the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations across a large sample of developing countries. It employs sign restrictions to identify four external structural shocks - demand, supply, monetary and commodity shocks, and relates their impact to countries' policy and structural framework. External shocks account for a small share of the variance of GDP, especially at short horizons. However, their relative contribution has risen in recent decades, as the incidence of domestic sh...
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作者：Ghosh, Prabhat; Kochar, Anjini
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Hevia, Constantino; Serven, Luis
作者单位：Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; The World Bank
摘要：This paper examines the extent of risk sharing for a group of 50 industrial and developing countries. The analysis is based on a model of partial consumption insurance whose parameters have the natural interpretation of coefficients of partial risk sharing even when the null hypothesis of perfect risk sharing is rejected. Results show that rich countries exhibit higher degrees of risk sharing than developing countries, and that the gap has widened over time. Other things equal, the degree of r...
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作者：Gutierrez, Emilio; Teshima, Kensuke
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：Abatement expenditures are not the only available tool for firms to decrease emissions. Technology choice can also indirectly affect environmental performance. We assess the impact of import competition on plants' environmental outcomes. In particular, exploiting a unique combination of Mexican plant-level and satellite imagery data, we measure the effect of tariff changes due to free-trade agreements on three main outcomes: plants' fuel use, plants' abatement expenditures, and measures of air...
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作者：Shapiro, Alan Finkelstein
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：Emerging economies (EMEs) have highly volatile unemployment and real wages. Standard models with interest rate shocks can generate higher unemployment volatility, but still fall quantitatively short of matching the empirical volatility of unemployment. A small open economy search model with endogenous participation and self-employment a feature of EMEs generates 90 percent of the volatility of unemployment in the data, highly volatile wages, and quantitatively-consistent cyclical aggregate dyn...
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作者：Blau, Benjamin M.
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
摘要：Using a broad cross-sectional sample of countries, this study tests whether stock market liquidity affects the level of income inequality. After holding a variety of factors constant - including traditional measures of financial development, results show that liquidity in a country's stock market is negatively related to various measures of inequality. We find that this relationship does not exist in the most developed countries. Instead, our results are stronger in underdeveloped and moderate...
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作者：Fernandez, Manuel; Messina, Julian
作者单位：University of Essex; Inter-American Development Bank; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：After a decade of increasing wage inequality, this paper documents a sharp compression in the distribution of wages in Argentina and Chile during the 2000s. In Brazil, wage inequality has steadily declined since the early 1990s. Counterfactual exercises show that the evolutions of the schooling and experience premiums are key determinants of the decline in inequality. The 2000s witnessed a rapid decline in the schooling and experience premiums, at the same time as the working population was ag...
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作者：Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad; Mostafavi-Dehzooei, Mohammad H.
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE); Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper examines the impact of a national cash transfer program on labor supply in Iran. In 2011, Iran started monthly deposits of cash into individual accounts covering more than 70 million people and amounting to 28% of the median per capita household income. The payments were compensation for the sudden removal of hefty energy subsidies. The program has been heavily criticized for its disincentive for work, especially for the poor. We use panel data to study the causal effect of the tran...
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作者：De Magalhaes, Leandro; Santaeulalia-Llopis, Raul
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：We provide new empirical insights on the joint distribution of consumption, income, and wealth using cross-sectional and panel household-survey data from three of the poorest countries in the world Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda all located in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our main contribution is to establish the co-existence of two phenomena in SSA: (i) a low transmission from income inequality to wealth inequality (i.e., low accumulation); and (ii) a low transmission from income inequality to con...
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作者：Neidhoefer, Guido; Serrano, Joaquin; Gasparini, Leonardo
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Free University of Berlin; National University of La Plata; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
摘要：The causes and consequences of the intergenerational persistence of inequality are a topic of great interest among various fields in economics. However, until now, issues of data availability have restricted a broader and cross national perspective on the topic. Based on rich sets of harmonized household survey data, we contribute to filling this gap by computing time series for several indexes of relative and absolute intergenerational education mobility for 18 Latin American countries over 5...
