作者：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
作者：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
作者：University System of Ohio; Ohio University
作者：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：The bullion famine, manifested in chronic balance-of-payments deficits with the East, is widely cited as the cause of the great depression of the Renaissance. Adapting the monetary approach to the balance-of-payments model to the medieval commodity money setting this article shows that western Europe could not suffer a balance-of-payments deficit and bullion shortage simultaneously. New data show that it is unlikely that France suffered a shortage of silver from 1360 to 1415. Minting volumes d...
作者：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
作者：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：After the Civil War, Congress maintained high import tariffs to pay off the public debt. By the early 1880s the federal government was running large fiscal surpluses -revenues exceeded expenditures by over 40 percent. The Democrats proposed lower tariffs to reduce customs revenue. The Republicans:proposed higher tariffs to reduce imports and customs revenues. This article attempts to determine the revenue effects of the proposed changes. Given the height of the tariff and the price elasticity ...
