作者：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Socioeconomic differences in birth weight have narrowed since 1900. The mother's nutritional status during her growing years, proxied by height, accounted for most of the differences in the past, but not today. Children born at the beginning of this century compared favorably to modern populations in terms of birth weights, but suffered high fetal and neonatal death rates. By day ten children in the past were at a disadvantage because best practice resulted in insufficient feeding. Improved ob...
作者：California State University System; California State University Northridge
作者：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
作者：University of Munich
摘要：This article investigates sex-specific mortality rates in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century rural Germany to determine whether there was any gender bias in the allocation of household resources. Family reconstitution data from 60 villages provide evidence of considerable excess female mortality among married adults. The empirical findings are consistent with a bargaining approach to understanding intrahousehold resource allocation and suggest that women's survival disadvantage is related to t...
