作者：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
作者：University of New Brunswick
作者：University of Calgary
摘要：Governments often respond to crisis situations with radical economic policies. The Shipping Act of 1916 created a government-owned shipping company. This significant departure from prior policy arose in the atmosphere of crisis surrounding the war in Europe. The Wilson Administration was able to use political institutions to its advantage and ensure that alternative, more moderate proposals would not be considered by the legislature. Initially thwarted by a filibuster, the administration was f...
作者：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University
作者：Bodenhorn, H
摘要：Formal rules and informal customs created innumerable obstacles to the socioeconomic advance of Virginia's free black population. Laws prohibited free blacks from some activities and occupations and restricted their participation in others. Racism and Klan-like terrorism also made advancement difficult. Despite these disadvantages, Virginia's free black population fared rather well. They grew neatly as tall as white Americans and towered over contemporary Europeans. Primary sources and the sec...
