作者：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
作者：University of California System; University of California Davis
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Economic historians have traced the origin of the uniform property tax in the United States to the insertion of uniformity clauses into state constitutions in the Northwest and to efforts to tax commercial wealth. This article shows that the tax was created by legislation in the Northeast and that the first constitutional clauses were adopted in the South to protect slaveholders. It is time for historians of the U.S. political economy to abandon the dated paradigms of the progressive history t...
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
作者：University of London; Queen Mary University London
作者：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
作者：University of Cambridge
摘要：It has often been argued that parliamentary enclosure decisively increased the wage dependence of English agricultural laborers, primarily by extinguishing their rights to keep cows on common land. Yet the extent to which laborers had in fact enjoyed common pasture rights has never been demonstrated. This article fills that gap, by documenting the extent of laborers' common rights for ten settlements in the south and east Midlands. It finds that most laborers in these villages did not have com...
作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
