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作者：Santa Clara University; Claremont Colleges; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont Graduate University
摘要：In 1904 the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would intervene in the affairs of unstable Central American and Caribbean countries that did not pay their debts. We find that the average sovereign debt price for countries under the U.S. sphere of influence rose by 74 percent in response to the pronouncement and actions to make it credible. We use this policy change to show that the United States subsequently acted as a regional hegemon and provided the ...
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作者：Harvard University
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作者：Solomou, S; Vartis, D
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作者：Vanderbilt University
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作者：Wallsten, S
摘要：This article uses an original dataset to test the effects of government monopoly service, competition, and regulation on the development of the telephone industry in Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Like today, there were state-owned monopolies in some countries, vigorous competition in others, and others with private firms operating under restrictive concessions. The main determinant of government control of the telephone sector was the state's involvement in the telegraph. Countries...
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作者：University of Vermont; Washington University (WUSTL); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：During the Progressive Era, advances in knowledge and specialization led to the emergence of modem-day professions. This growth in professions was accompanied by the adoption of occupational licensing regulation. In this article we explore the origins and effects of occupational licensing regulation during this period. Although most studies argue that occupational licensing regulation is adopted to restrict entry and reduce competition, the evidence from the Progressive Era suggests that regul...
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作者：Yale University
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作者：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Queens University - Canada; McGill University; Trinity College Dublin
摘要：The failure of French Canadians to settle the Canadian west before 1900, when substantial numbers of anglophones and Europeans were migrating, is a long-standing puzzle. Historians have relied mainly on cultural explanations. Using new data, we demonstrate that anglophones and francophones had very different personal characteristics, so that movement to the west was rarely economically attractive for francophones. However, large-scale migration into New England fitted French Canadians' demogra...
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作者：LeBreton, M
