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作者：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
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作者：University of Chicago
摘要：Economists played a crucial role in military intelligence during World War II. Economists working at the Office of Strategic Services estimated enemy battle casualties, analyzed the intentions and capabilities of both enemies and allies, and helped to prepare for negotiations regarding the postwar settlement. Economists working at the Enemy Objectives Unit helped to select enemy targets for bombing. Finally, economists working at the Statistical Research Group worked on a variety of problems b...
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作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：Occupation charges paid by France to Nazi Germany represent one of the largest international transfers and contributed significantly to the German war effort. We employ a neoclassical growth model that incorporates essential features of the occupied economy to assess the welfare costs of the policies that managed the payments to Germany. Our lower bound estimates show that occupation payments required a severe cut in consumption. A draft of labor to Germany and a reduction of real wages added ...
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作者：University of Leicester
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作者：Harvard University
摘要：Does a legal tradition adopted in the distant past constrain a country's ability to provide the protection that investors need for financial markets to develop? I look at the relationship between legal origin and the development of bond markets and find too much variation over time in bond market size, creditor protections, and court enforcement of bond contracts to assume that the adoption of a legal system constrains future financial development. I examine the evolution of bond markets in Br...
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作者：Skidmore College
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作者：University of Arizona
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作者：Occidental College
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作者：University Externado Colombia
摘要：The rapid decline of German emigration before World War I constitutes a puzzle that traditional explanations have difficulty in solving. The article shows that the social legislation implemented by Bismarck during the 1880s-the most developed at the time-played a key role in this process. Indeed, candidates for migration considered not only the gap between direct wages (labor earnings) in the United States and Germany, but also the differential in indirect wages, that is, social benefits. In t...
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作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
