3期

最新文章

• Survival and Discord in Medieval Society: Essays in Honour of Christopher Dyer AI翻译
  作者：University of California System; University of California Irvine
• Overseas Trade and the Decline of Privateering AI翻译
  作者：University of Mannheim; University of Mannheim
  摘要：Using a novel data set on 2,483 British privateering cruises, we show that state-licensed raiding of commercial vessels was a popular and flourishing business among merchants that took a serious toll on enemy trade from 1689 to 1815. Why, then, did privateering merchants gradually turn away from these profitable endeavors? We show that the expansion of overseas trade increased the opportunity costs for merchants and resulted in the decline of privateering. Our findings document that the declin...
• Money, States, and Empire: Financial Integration and Institutional Change in Central Europe, 1400-1520 AI翻译
  作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：By analyzing a newly compiled database of exchange rates, this article finds that in Central Europe money markets integrated cyclically during the fifteenth century. The cycles were associated with monetary debasements. Long-distance financial integration progressed in connection with the rise of the territorial state, facilitated by the synergy between princes and emperor, which helped to avoid coordination failures. For Central Europe, theories of state formation and market integration shoul...
• Scottish Trade with German Ports, 1700-1770: A Sketch of the North Sea Trades and the Atlantic Economy on Ground Level AI翻译
  作者：University of South Wales
• Nation, State, and the Industrial Revolution: The Visible Hand AI翻译
  作者：Dincecco, Mark
• The Empire Struck Back: Sanctions and Compensation in the Mexican Oil Expropriation of 1938 AI翻译
  作者：Harvard University
  摘要：The Mexican expropriation of 1938 was the first large-scale non-Communist expropriation of foreign-owned natural resource assets. The literature makes three assertions: the United States did not fully back the companies, Mexico did not fully compensate them for the value of their assets, and the oil workers benefitted from the expropriation. This article finds that none of those assertions hold. The companies devised political strategies that maneuvered a reluctant President Roosevelt into sup...
• Human Capital and Technological Transition: Insights from the US Navy AI翻译
  作者：United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; United States Naval Academy
  摘要：We explore the effects of human capital on workers during the latter nineteenth century by examining the U.S. Navy. Naval officers belonged either to a regular or an engineer corps and had tasks assigned for their specialized training. We compile education and career data for officers from Naval Academy and navy registers for the years 1858 to 1907. Wage premia for engineer-skilled officers deteriorated over their careers; more traditionally skilled officers enjoyed higher gains in earnings an...
• The Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the City It Made AI翻译
  作者：Vanderbilt University
• Fixed Ideas of Money: Small States and Exchange Rate Regimes in Twentieth-Century Europe AI翻译
  作者：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
• Interest Reductions in the Politico-Financial Nexus of Eighteenth-Century England AI翻译
  作者：Boston University; Paris School of Economics; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
  摘要：In the 1730s and 1750s the English government proposed to refinance the redeemable debt by lowering the interest rate. In the ensuing coordination game among creditors, large investors like the Bank of England could block the policy change by demanding cash. Using 4 percent and 3 percent annuities prices to analyze market expectations, this article studies two refinancing episodes with very different fates. Lord Barnard failed in 1737 because his terms were too strict and financial agents indu...