作者：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
作者：University of Virginia; Columbia University
摘要：Focusing on the New York banking sector, we analyze a neglected, but profound impact of the National Banking Acts. By resisting federal banking legislation and boycotting newly chartered national banks, the New York Clearing House Association members created market opportunities for the new entrants to dominate the correspondent banking market. The new entrants' aggressive tactics including interest payments on deposits increased their vulnerability to panicky withdrawals by country banks. The...
作者：University of East Anglia
作者：University of California System; University of California Riverside
作者：University Hohenheim
摘要：Today, German machine toolmakers accuse their Chinese competitors of violating patent rights and imitating German technology. A century ago, German machine toolmakers used the same methods to imitate American technology. To understand the dynamics of this catching-up process, we use patent statistics to analyze firms' activities between 1877 and 1932. We show that German firms deployed imitating strategies in the late nineteenth century and the 1920s to catch-up to their American competitors. ...
