-
作者：Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This article assesses how the government of Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910) negotiated sovereign loans. Mexico was a serial defaulter that established a good reputation and issued bonds abroad at progressively better conditions. Based on new archival material, the article demonstrates that borrowing terms improved not only because of sounder fundamentals, but also due to the efforts of high officials to negotiate with debt underwriters. The Mexicans never accepted a patron bank and used the offers f...
-
作者：University of Toronto
-
作者：University of Pisa; University of Siena
摘要：The impact of protection on economic growth has enjoyed a revival in recent times, with the publication of a number of comparative quantitative papers. They all share a common weakness: they measure protection as the ratio of custom revenues to import value, which biases results if demand for imports is not perfectly inelastic. In this article, we show that the measure of protection matters. We estimate the James Anderson and Peter Neary (2005) Trade Restrictiveness Index for Italy from unific...
-
作者：Rhode, Paul; Carlos, Ann
-
作者：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
-
作者：University of Reading; University of Iowa
摘要：Automobile manufacture is generally regarded as the paradigmatic mass production industry, with large plants able to exploit scale economies. We argue that the radio industry also sheds important light on evolving production technology and determinants of competitive success in inter-war manufacturing. Timothy F. Bresnahan and Daniel M.G. Raff (1991) showed that productivity differences resulting from scale in the auto industry translated into differences in exit rates during the Depression. W...
-
作者：Stanford University
-
作者：Mitchener, Kris James; Weidenmier, Marc D.
-
作者：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
-
作者：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：This article provides a picture of economic inequality in northwestern Italy (Piedmont), 1300-1800. Regional studies of this kind are rare, and none has as long a timescale. The new data proposed illuminate little-known aspects of wealth distribution and general economic inequality in preindustrial times, supporting the idea that during the Early Modern period, inequality grew everywhere, independently from whether the economy was growing or stagnating. This challenges earlier views that expla...
